Technical presentation on

Flexible AC Transmission System

K. Pavankumar
158T1A0209
Flexible AC Transmission Syste
m

Alternating current trans

mission systems incorpor
ating power electronics-b
ased and other static cont
rollers to enhance controll
ability and increase power
transfer capability
Constraints on Useable Transmissi
on Capacity
• Dynamic:
– Transient and dynamic stability
– Subsynchronous oscillations
– Dynamic overvoltages and undervoltages
– Voltage collapse
– Frequency collapse
• Steady-State:
– Uneven power flow
– Excess reactive power flows
– Voltage capability
– Thermal capability
 FACTS Controllers
• Static VAR Compensator - SVC
• Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator - TCSC
• Thyristor Controlled Phase Angle Regulator - TCPAR
• Static Synchronous Compensator - StatCom
• Solid State Series Compensator - SSSC
• Unified Power Flow Controller - UPFC
 US FACTS Installations
AEP/ Unified Power NYPA/ Convertible Vermont Electric/ S
Flow Controller /10 Static Compensator/ TATCOM/ 130 MVA/
0 MVA/ EPRI 200 MVA Mitsubishi

San Diego G&E/

STATCOM/100 MVA
Mitsubishi
Northeast Utilities/ S
TATCOM/ 150 MVA/
Areva (Alstom)

Eagle Pass (Texas) TVA

Back-to-back HVDC STATCOM/ 100MVA
37 MVA/ ABB EPRI

CSWS (Texas) Austin Energy

STATCOM/ 150 MV STATCOM/ 100MVA
A / W-Siemens ABB
 Power Flow Control
• Power transfer between areas can be affe
cted by adjusting the net series impedance
.
• Transmission line capability can be increa
sed by installing a series capacitor which r
educes the net series impedance.
UPFC
 UPFC

• may control voltage, impedance, and angle

• impacts active and reactive power flow in line
Basic Operation
 UPFC Capabilities
• Increase transmission line capacity
• Direct power flow along selected lines
• Powerful system oscillation damping
• Voltage support and regulation
• Control of active and reactive power flow a
t both sending- and receiving-end
 Operation

• Reactive power is generated or absorbe

d by the shunt inverter to control bus vol
tage
• Reactive power is generated or absorbe
d by the series inverter to control the re
al and/or reactive power flow on the tran
smission line
 Cont’d
• A portion of the real power flow on the tran
smission line is drawn from the bus by the
shunt inverter to charge the DC capacitor.
• Real power is inserted into the line through
the series inverter.
Power flow in a transmission line
VV
VS jX VR PSR  S R
sin
X
and VV
RS j
XI

PSR VR
 jXI
VS
To increase PSR, increase 
 - V in j + VB
VA VB
 V in j
VA



V V
VS jX VR - V in j + V R P
S
R
SR
si
n  
X
V R
PSR  V in j
 jXI
VS
 How is Vinj created?

a1 b1 c1 +
V
a2 b2 c2
 a1 b1 c1 +
a1 on, b1 on, c1 off V
Vab=0, Vbc=V, Vca = -V a2 b2 c2

a1 b1 c1 +
a1 on, b1 off, c1 off V
a2 b2 c2
Vab=V, Vbc=0, Vca = -V

a1 b1 c1 +
a1 on, b1 off, c1 on V
Vab=V, Vbc=-V, Vca = 0 a2 b2 c2
 Sine-triangle PWM

1
1

0.8

a
0.5

V
0.6
0
0.4 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

0.2 1

b
0 0.5

V
-0.2 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
-0.4
1
-0.6

ab
0

V
-0.8

-1 -1
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
 Conclusion
Power transmission capability

System stability

Power quality

Environmental impact

Transmission losses

Dynamic and reactive power support and voltag

econtrol

Dynamic oscillation in power system