RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,KOTA

SEMINAR PROJECT

TOPIC- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

October, 2018

 Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dr. Rajesh Singhal Kunal Achoriya
Dr. A.k. Dwivedi CRN- 15/182
Dr. A.K. Mathur Er. No. – 15EUCCE057
Sh. S. Awasthi
Overview:
 What Is GPS ?
 Why GPS ?
 History of GPS.
 Segments of GPS.
 The Data In GPS Signals.
 How GPS Works ?
 Sources of Error & Corrections.
 Advantages & Disadvantages.
 Applications of GPS.
What is GPS?

 GPS is a technology that can give your accurate position

anywhere on the earth (Latitude/Longitude) 24 hours a day.
 Satellite based navigation system.
 Official name of GPS-NAVIGATIONAL SATELLITE TIMING &
RANGING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (NAVSTAR-GPS).
 Bases of constellation of about 24 satellites.
 Currently controlled by the Air Force of United States of
America.
 No subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS.
 $750 Million to manage & maintain the system per year.
Why GPS ?

Trying to figure out where you are and where you are
going is probably one of man’s oldest pastimes.
Navigation & positioning are crucial to so many
activities and yet the process has always been quite
difficult & slow.
It is important because the System helps an average
person to locate himself precisely anywhere on the
planet without having to be too much technically
literate and for free.
History of the GPS:
 Originally design for military use.
 Developed by the Department of Defence(DOD) of United States of
America.
 The GPS project was proposed in 1973 .
1969 Defence Navigation Satellite System forms

1973 NAVSTAR-GPS developed

1974 First 4 satellite launched

1993 24th satellite launched ; initial operation capability

1995 Full operational capability

2/May/2000 Selective ability for civilians users

GPS Functionality:
Segments of
GPS

Space Control User segment

Segment Segment

Ground
Master station
antennas

Monitor
station
GPS’S SEGMENTS
Space segment:
 Formed by a satellite constellation.
 GPS satellite constellation consists of 24 space vehicles (SVs)
distributed in six orbital planes with an inclination of 55 degrees
in relation to the equator.
 In addition, the constellation has 3 backup satellites.
 These orbits are at an altitude of 20 200 km.
 The satellites have a speed of 3.9 km per second and a
nominal period of 12 h time (11 h 58m 2 s).
 The main functions of the Space Segment are to transmit radio-
navigation signals, and to store and retransmit the navigation
message sent by the Control Segment.
Control segment:
 The GPS Control Segment is composed by a network of :-
Monitor Stations (MS).
Master Control Station (MCS).
Ground Antennas (GA).
 In master station the satellite orbit, clock performance and
health of satellite are determined and determines whether
repositioning is required.
 Monitor stations measure the distances of the overhead
satellite every 1.5 seconds and send the corrected data to
master station.
 This information is sent back to the satellite using ground
antennas.
User segment:
User segment of GPS is what we uses (GPS receiver).
A GPS receiver consists of :-
Screen for displaying information.
Button to operate it.
Antenna to receive signals from satellites.
Examples:- Smartphones, tankers, helicopters, ships,
submarines, tanks, jeeps, etc.
Data In GPS signals:
The GPS signal contains mainly two types of data,
they are :
1. Ephemeris data : This data is constantly transmitted by
each satellite and contains important information
such as status of the satellite(healthy or unhealthy),
current date and time. This part of the signal is
essential to determining a position.
2. Almanac data: This data tells the GPS receiver where
each GPS satellite should be at any time throughout
the day. Each satellite transmits almanac data
showing the orbital information of that satellite.
WORKING OF GPS

S3

YOUR LOCATION

S4 S2

S1
How GPS work ?:
 The GPS receiver gets a signal from each GPS satellite.
 The GPS uses technique of Trilateration to find location.
 For Trilateration a GPS receiver measures distances from the satellite using
the travel time of radio signals .
 To measure travel time, GPS needs very accurate timing ,which is provided
by atomic clocks used in the satellites.
 Along with distance, we need to know exactly where the satellites are in
space. This information is obtained by Almanac data transmitted by
satellites.
 Finally we must correct for any delays the signals experiences as it travels
through the atmosphere.
 To compute a positions in three dimensions, we need to have four satellites
measurements . The GPS uses a trilateration approach to calculate the
position.
Advantages of GPS:
 GPS is extremely easy to navigate as it tells you to the direction for each turns
you take or you have to take to reach to your destination.
 GPS works in all weather so you need not to worry of the climate as in other
navigating devices.
 The GPS costs you very low in comparison other navigation systems.
 The most attractive feature of this system is its100% coverage on the planet.
 It also helps you to search the nearby restaurants, hotels and gas stations
and is very useful for a new place.
 Due to its low cost, it is very easy to integrate into other technologies like cell
phone.
 The system is updated regularly by the US government and hence is very
advance.
 This is the best navigating system in water as in larger water bodies we are
often missed due to lack of proper directions.
Applications of GPS:
 Location – This is the main and most common application
of GPS—tracking locations. Suppose you are hiking with
your friends and you get separated, GPS can help you
find one another’s location.
 Navigation - getting from one location to another .
 Tracking for Law Enforcement- The police also take
advantage of the uses of GPS. These devices can also be
used by police and investigators in catching criminals
using GPS tracking.
 Mapping & Surveying- GPS can also be used in mapping
and surveying project. The use of GPS in surveying saves
companies time and cost. This is the best way to survey
positions in the shortest time possible.
Mining-GPS tracking system is also useful in mining. Miners track the
minerals in various layers of the surface of the earth with the help of
the device.
Hiking and Backpacking-Topographical maps are generally used
when planning trips. GPS are used to find the camping sites, runs,
rest points, and other significant locations. It is also used to locate
the other hikers.
Flying Planes-Aircraft also use GPS in finding their route in the space.
With it, the commanding station will be able to keep track of the
plane’s movements and route.
Conclusion
 GPS is a network of satellites that continuously transmit coded
information, which makes it possible to precisely identify
location on earth by measuring distance from the satellite.
 GPS although was developed for military purpose, but the
number of civilian user of GPS already well far exceeds than
number of potential military.
 As discussed in previous topic, it’s application field is vast and
new application will continue to be created as the technology
evolves.
 GPS is a fantastic tool of the 21th century offering many
function : mobile, waypoint etc.
THANK YOU