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BS 9999
in relation to changes in fire legislation
Bill Parlor
Technical Officer, Association for Specialist Fire Protection
BS 9999: 2008
• General approach
• Applicable to the majority of buildings
• Government guidance, Approved Document B
• Advanced approach
• BS 9999, a flexible and transparent approach
• Structured approach to risk based design based on FSE
• Fire safety engineering
• BS 7974 with supporting Published Documents
• FSE may be the only practical approach for some large and
complex buildings, and for buildings containing different uses.
A basis for greater confidence?
• Means of escape
• Construction
• Access and facilities for fire fighting
• Management of fire safety
• Construction
• Added guidance takes account of ventilation, fire suppression
systems, etc
BS 9999 today: Nine sections
1 General
2 Risk profiles and assessing risk
3 Ensuring effective fire protection
4 Managing fire safety
5 Designing means of escape
6 Access and facilities for fire fighting
7 Designing the building structure: Load bearing
and non load bearing elements
Sections 30 – 38: pages 149 - 238
8 Special risk protection
9. Managing occupied buildings
BS 9999: 460 pages
A 1 Slow A1
Occupants who are awake 2 Medium A2
And familiar with the building 3 Fast A3
4 Ultra fast A4 unacceptable in BS 9999
B 1 Slow B1
Occupants who are awake and 2 Medium B2
Unfamiliar with the building 3 Fast B3
4Ultra fast B4
C
Occupants who are likely to 1 Slow C1
be asleep 2 Medium C2
3 Fast C3 unacceptable
4 Ultra fast C4 unacceptable
Occupancies C, D and E
0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
slow medium fast ultra fast
Bank hall Cardboard Plastic Expanded
boxes products Cellular plastics
Sprinklers & risk 6.5
WORK CONTROL
• Level 1 developed proactively with clear lines of responsibility;
a permit system; logging and audit processes and
routine checking and supervision.
Should anticipate required changes to fire safety strategy
OCCUPANCY STAGE
○ Covers all aspects of management of fire safety in an
occupied building, up to demolition of the building
Occupant response and travel time
Tenability
ignition alarm Threatens life
SMOKE KILLS
Time to
alarm Pre-movement time
ALLOWABLE
TRAVEL TIME
Management controlled?
DIE OR
FIRE Travel starts SURVIV
E
Getting out
• TOTAL EVACUATION
• Phased procedure
• Do occupants understand/believe the fire escape strategy?
• Often used in high rise premises [ Since all floors are fire resisting]
• Simultaneous procedure
• Single or two staged evacuation
• Decided by psychological response?
• PROGRESSIVE EVACUATION
• Initially to a place of relative safety?
• To an adjoining fire compartment
• No fire compartments mean no choices exist
• Followed by managed escape?
• Human behaviour?
• Only depends on the visibility of the fire or smoke!
Travel distances
NOTE Fitting sprinklers to A3 risk could allow 1 way distance to be increased from 18m to 22m
Means of escape
• Fire loads are built into Tables 25, 26 and reflect the typical risk
profiles provided in Table 5
Ventilation conditions: Tables 26 and 27
• Occupancy characteristics
• Use of building
• Ventilation parameter
• As minimum ventilation area as a percentage of floor area
• Typically 2.5 to 10%
• As height of opening as fraction of compartment height
• Typically 0.3 to 0.9/1.0
Maximum size of compartments