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Mbira and Marimba are the fundamental base of Zimbabwean culture. this paper show theories and techniques commonly used in the process of construction.
Mbira and Marimba are the fundamental base of Zimbabwean culture. this paper show theories and techniques commonly used in the process of construction.
Mbira and Marimba are the fundamental base of Zimbabwean culture. this paper show theories and techniques commonly used in the process of construction.
INNOVATION MBMT 403 Theories and approaches • Design • Constructionist • Materialism • Functionalism • Innovation Design by Bradley (2010) • Begins with design concept which is an idea behind a concept. • Any creation is directed towards solving a problem. • Is a framework of the object to constructed • Is directed by style/motif, colour skim, texture, shape, layout Materials • Plant • Animal • Mineral Tools and machinery • Cutting • Drilling • Polishing • Hammering • Grinding • Joining • Gripping • Driving • chisseling Principles of sound production • Sound is energy • Sound is that which we hear • Sound is produced through vibration • Vibration involves the fast movement (frequency) of a material causing friction with the surrounding air (waves) • Sound is affected by length, thickness (bulkiness), tension and environment (acoustics) Sound producing devices • Strings • Air • Bodies • membranes Classes • Chordophones • Membranophones • Aerophones • Electrophones • Idiophones Factors of production • Land • Capital • Entrepreneur • Labour Traditional and Morden Materials and methods • Traditional materials are obtained from the environment • Morden material are bought • Advantages and disadvantages • Trad methods and skills are handed over form parents to children • Modern methods and skills are learned • Advantages and disadvantages Rationale • To government • Education • Culture • Environment • Music business Construction Chorphones • Rationale • Design • Innovation • Materials • Tools • Construction • -Chipendani • - Chitende • -Chidembo • -Chimukubhe • -Urutu • -Sigaba Construction membranophones • Rationale • Design • Innovation • Materials • Tools • Construction Aerophones • Design • Innovation • Materials • Tools • Construction How pipes produce sound • Air in a pipe must always be balanced with the atmospheric pressure around it. • Moving air has pressure • Air moves from region of high concentration to low • When air is disturbed, it vibrates to produce waves with a certain length, velocity (v) and frequency (f). • Velocity can be calculated by multiplying frequency by wave length • The sound is determines by volume, length, pressure Cont • Closed pipe Length (L) equals to one quarter of the wavelength Open pipe Length (L) equals half of wavelength Exercises • 1. Is the frequency of a wave of 16 cm is 10 what is the velocity of the wind? • If an open pipe is 20 cm what is the wavelength of the vibrating air in this pipe? • If a closed pipe is blown and the wavelength of the vibrating air is 40 cm, what is the length of the pipe. • Is the frequency of a wave of 20 cm is 5 what is the velocity of the wind? • If an open pipe is 18 cm what is the wavelength of the vibrating air in this pipe? • If a closed pipe is blown and the wavelength of the vibrating air is 60 cm, what is the length of the pipe. Idiophones • Design • Innovation • Materials • Tools • Construction mbira • The word mbira refers to the entire instrument and the keys • What produces sound are the key. • A key is plucked and it vibrates to produce sound. • The pitch of the sound depends on the length and thickness of the sound • Soundboard is made from mukwa or mufenje • The keys are forged from any wire with high carbon content. • Tuning is done by pulling the key up or down marimba • Parts are the wooden keys, frame, buzzers, resonators, mallets, string and separating rubbers • Keys produce sound when struck by a mallet with rubber’ • Best wood is form mukwa or saligna • The keys have nodal points which enable free vibration • Tuning clappers • They are self sounding • What vibrates are the particles in the clappers • The sound is determines by the thickness and length and also the type of wood. Shakers • Gourd • Plastic • Metal • Seeds • Shakers need a handle • Seeds must not be many or very few • The amount of seeds depends on the size of the shaker • The timbre of the sound depends on the quality of the materials of the walls of the shakers. Caring Servicing and Repairing Design