Introduction to Wireless

Communication Systems
 Wireless Systems
• Cellular systems
– IMTS, AMPS; IS-54, IS-136, IS-95, GSM; WCDMA, CDMA2000
• Microwave links
– MW trunks, and fixed broadband access
• Satellite links
– Geo stationary satellites, Low earth orbiting (LEO), TV boradcast
• Paging systems
• Cordless phones
– CT2, PHS, DECT
• Wireless LANs
– IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), Hiperlan
• Wireless Personal area networks (Bluetooth)
– IEEE 802.15
• Wireless local loops
– PACT
• Broadcast systems
– Radio and TV (DAB, DVB)
 Major Wireless Standards
• Wireless WLANs and PANs
– IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11b, a, g
– HIPERLANs,
– IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth)
• Fixed Broadcast Systems
– DVB(digital video broadcasting), DAB(Digital audio broadcasting)
– Satellite radio
– Local Multipoint Distribution Service(26-32 GHz)
• Cellular Systems
– 1G(Analog)
• AMPS, NAMPS, NMT
– 2G(Digital)
• GMS, IS-54, IS-95, USDC, DCS-1800
– 3G(Wide-band Digital)
• UMTS, W-CDMA, CDMA2000
• Corless Phones
– DECT, PACS
 Why Wireless?
• Benefits
– Mobility: Ability to communicate anywhere!!
– Easier configuration, set up and lower installation cost

• Difficulties
– Communication medium: Free space
• Noisy and unpredictable channel
• Broadcast channel, more user ->less BW per user
– Higher equipment cost
– Usually regulated spectrum and limited BW
• Techno-politic
– Need backbone systems in order to function properly
 Wireless Services
Satelite

Outdoor Fixed

Indoor (WLAN)

Outdoor Mobile
 Market penetration

Figure 1.1 The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20th
century.
Figure 2.1 Growth of cellular telephone subscribers throughout the world.
Figure 2.2 Worldwide subscriber base as a function of cellular technology in late 2001.
• Classification of mobile radio transmission system

– Simplex: communication in only one direction

– Half-duplex: same radio channel for both transmission and
reception (push-to-talk)
– Full-duplex: simultaneous radio transmission and reception (FDD,
TDD)
• Frequency division duplexing uses two radio channel

– Forward channel: base station to mobile user

– Reverse channel: mobile user to base station

• Time division duplexing shares a single radio channel in time.

Forw ard C hannel

R everse C hannel
Paging system
Cordless phone system
Cellular system
Figure 2.3 Various upgrade paths for 2G technologies.