ENGLISH 4

LECTURE NOTES
for January 28 & 30, 2019
 Listening in Nature

• Listening is a natural activity that

man does everyday. To be able to
respond through speaking, man
must able to process information
through hearing first and then gives
meaning to this sound experience.
• In fact, man spends 60% of his day
to day activities to listening and 30%
to speaking. Both reading and
writing share the 10%.
Listening and Hearing
• Listening requires only repeated
sounds and does not have any formal
standards like reading and writing.
• Sound is available since time started
but the system of writing came later.
• This skill starts with hearing which is
physiological in nature of perceiving
sounds. Then, listening comes when
this sound is given meaning,
significance and importance.
 Listening and Hearing

• .The test of listening is to be able to

process information heard and
becomes part of the data bank of
man.
• Listening involves the following steps:
reception (hearing); understanding;
remembering; evaluation; responding
(speaking).
 Barriers
Environmental

Bodily Ailments and Worries,

Illnesses Problems and
Anxieties
Communication

Differences Differences in
in Traditions and
Meanings Culture
How to Overcome Barriers in Listening?

Man has come up with compensatory

and coping strategies to find solution
in problems with listening.

Because man wanted to maximize

listening, he found solutions and
ways to make the most of
communication, particularly in
listening. But how?
 Strategy Description
Memory Recalling past experiences and
Coping Strategies to Combat Barriers
then using such to the present
to compensate for missed
details while listening.
Compensatory/ Making use of movements,
gestures or actions to better
Motor listen.
Affective Making use of emotions,
feelings and behaviour in the
listening activity
Cognitive The use of planning, inferences
in listening better.
Metacognitive
Social Making use of the assistance of
another person most especially
if certain details were missed
during listening.
Example
Reviewing and
recalling the last
year’s enrolment
procedures and
comparing such to
the present set-up.
Getting near the
speaker to better
hear his/her story.
Responding gently
to an elderly/senior
citizen speaker
Anticipating
keywords/ related
stories in a given
topic.
Asking your
seatmate to repeat
what the teacher
has just announced.
Activities that should be avoided during
Listening
ENTERTAINING FOCUSING SO
PRIVATE MUCH WITH
PREJUDGING DETAILS
AGENDA

FOCUSING ON THE
ASSUMING LISTENING SPEAKER AND NOT
ON THE MESSAGE

NO AVOIDING
FAKING DIFFICULT DATA
RESPONSE ATTENTION
 The Listeners

People- Action-
Oriented Oriented

Critically and Content Time-Orineted

Oriented
 The Unlisteners
BEES
EAR HOGS
GAP FILLERS

UNLISTENING NODDERS

EAR MUFFS
DART-THROWERS