Kay Bathala Santos

TEACHER-MADE TESTS
 are oral and written tests that are not
commercially standardized and
produced, and can be quite difficult and
time consuming made up by an
individual teacher.
TEACHER-MADE TESTS
are the major basis for evaluating the
students’ or class progress in school
which aims to measure the
achievement, progress, weakness,
defects or the effectiveness of methods
used.
QUESTIONNAIRE
 series of questions and other prompts
asked to a student to for the purpose
of gathering useful information about
a given topic.
 consist of questions used as a
method of obtaining student’s reaction
to a teacher’s teaching.
QUESTIONNAIRE
 listof questions about the student's
individual interests, pertaining to
everything from leisure time activities
to career interests and can be
adapted to students of all ages.
Advantages of Questionnaires
1. very cost effective
2. easy to analyze
3. familiar to most people
4. reduce bias
5. less intrusive than telephone or face-
to-face surveys
Limitations of Questionnaires
1. cannot probe for further clarification
2. can only ask questions that the writer
anticipates as possibly important
Questionnaires Can Be Given At Three
Different Times
Start of School Year - to get information
about the students (prior course, work
or experience with the subject,
preferred modes of teaching and
learning, and problems a student
might have)
Questionnaires Can Be Given At Three
Different Times
Middle of School Year - to get an early
warning of any existing problems so
that changes can be made in time for
the benefit of students.
Questionnaires Can Be Given At Three
Different Times
End of School Year - to get the
advantage that all the learning
activities have been completed and
students can respond meaningfully to
questions about the over-all
effectiveness of the course
Administration Modes of
Questionnaire
Face-to-Face Administration
- where an interviewer presents the items
orally.
Paper-and-Pencil Administration
- where the items are presented on paper.
Computerized Administration
- where the items are presented on the
computer
INVENTORY
 aimsto measure the degree of
mastery before the teaching of the
subjects and discover what the
students already know and what they
do not know yet in connection with the
subject matter to be learned.
INVENTORY
 identifies the individual strengths and
challenges for each student, as well
as their receptivity to personal
interventions.
INVENTORY
 an effective tool to improve the quality
of student life and learning,
measuring his satisfaction and
priorities, and what issues are
important to them.
ESSAY TEST
a test that consist of a few questions
but requires the student to structure a
rather long and lengthy written
answer or response to fulfill the
requirements of the item.
ESSAY TEST
 arebest used in assessing thinking at
the higher levels like application,
analysis, synthesis, and evaluation
than at the lower levels of
knowledge and comprehension.
ESSAY TEST
 enable the teacher to judge students'
abilities to organize, integrate,
interpret material and express
themselves in their own words.
ESSAY TEST
a test wherein the student is given the
freedom to compose his answer from
a question, drawing from his
background knowledge, information
on the problem, and presenting it in
the best way he can.
Types of Essay Test
• evaluation recall (basis given)
• comparison of two things on a single designated basis
or in general
• inferential thinking or decisions (for and against)
• explanation of the exact use of meaning of some word,
phrase or statement
• summary of some unit of the text or of some article
• discussions, analysis, criticisms, illustrations or
examples
• application of rules, laws or principles to new situations
• restricted or extended response questions
Characteristics of Essay Test
1. contain more than one question in the
test
2. are to be answered in writing only
3. require completely long answers
4. are attempted on the basis of
recalling the memory
Advantages of Essay Test
1. can measure student’s ability to select
and organize ideas, problem-thinking
skills and originality, and other complex
learning outcomes
2. emphasize integration and application of
thinking and problem solving
3. can be easily prepared and quick to
construct requiring less time for typing,
duplicating or printing
Advantages of Essay Test
4. examinee-free to respond
no guessing or answering by process
of elimination
5. can be used as a device for
measuring and improving language
and expression skills
6. very useful to test-writing ability
Essay
1. How is matching type of test constructed?
10 pts.
2. Why are qualitative terms and specific
determiners in constructing alternative-
response test should be avoided? 5pts.
3. In your own opinion, which is better, an
essay or objective test? Support your
answer. 10 pts.
OBJECTIVE TEST
consisting of factual questions requiring
extremely short
answers that can be quickly and
unambiguously scored by anyone.
scoring rules are so specific that they
do not allow scorers to make
subjective inferences or judgments
OBJECTIVE TEST
require the examinee to respond to
the item with a word, short phrase,
number or a symbol.
measure an individual's abilities and
to be scored without bias or
judgment.
OBJECTIVE TEST
having clear and unambiguous criteria
that can be objectively scored.
Types of Objective Test
A. Alternative Response Type
B. Multiple Choice Type
C. Matching Type
D. Completion Type
Characteristics of Objective Test
• has supply response rather than select
or identify
• in the form of question or incomplete
statement
• can be answered by a word, phrase,
number or symbol
Advantages of Test
•very easy to construct
• low probability of guessing the answer
(has to be supplied by the examinees
rather than select identify
from the given answers)
• they are good to test the lowest level of
cognitive taxonomy (knowledge,
terminology, facts
Limitations of Objective Test
•they are unsuitable for measuring
complex learning outcomes
Criticism of Objective Test Items
on Teaching and Learning
 students are encouraged toward repeat-
memorization learning and other surface-
processing strategies.
 will encourage teachers to place undue
emphasis on factual knowledge and disregard
the understanding of students in the
classrooms.
 students are asked to reply with a word, phrase,
name, or sentence, rather than a more extended
response.
Alternative Response Test
a special form of question where the
learner has to choose between just two
items, and so their learning value as
single question is limited.
 a series of items where it admits only
one correct response in each item from
two options to be chosen.
Alternative Response Test
a declarative statement that the
student is asked to mark with only two
possible options.
 are used to assess the knowledge
level of thinking, and can be prepared
and graded relatively quickly but tend to
encourage guessing.
Types of Alternate Response Test
•True / False
• Right / Wrong
• Correct / Incorrect
• Yes / No
• Agree / Disagree
• Fact / Opinion
• Same / Different
• Plus / Minus
Advantages of Alternative Response Test

1. takes less time to construct the test

items
2. high degree of objectivity
3. teacher can examine students on
various materials
Limitations of Alternative Response Test

 high degree of guessing

 largely limited to learning outcomes in
the knowledge area
 expose students to error which is
psychologically undesirable
 encourage students to study and accept
only oversimplified statements of truth
and factual learning
True or False
Directions: Here are some true or false
statements. Write X if the statement is
TRUE and O if the statement is FALSE at
the right column of each item. Do not
guess, right minus wrong.
1. Double negative statements must be 1. __
provided in constructing alternative-
response test.
2. Essay examination develops good 2. __
study habits.
3. Essay examination is easy to score. 3. __
4. If there are questions raised about 4. __
directions while the test is in
progress, the teacher should
entertain them briefly.
Multiple Choice Test
 canbe used to measure both simple
knowledge and complex concepts,
can be answered quickly, and
student’s mastery of many topics can
be assessed quickly as well.
Multiple Choice Test
 have the capacity to test not only
knowledge and comprehension but
also some higher-level thinking
abilities which can be adapted to a
variety of subject matter content and
can be scored easily.
Advantages of Multiple Choice Test
1. allow more adequate sampling of
content
2. tend to effectively structure the problem
more to be addressed
3. items can be more efficiently and
reliably scored
4. different response alternatives can
provide diagnostic feedback
Advantages of Multiple Choice Test

5. items can be constructed to address

various levels of cognitive complexity
6. leads to emphasis on other selected
item types
7. high degree of dependence on student’s
reading and instructor’s writing ability
8. reduce the effect of guessing
Advantages of Multiple Choice Test
9. measures complex level of knowledge like
under-standing, judgment, ability to solve
problems, etc.
10. substantial amount of course content can be
tested because the examinees do not
require much time for writing the answer
11. can check discrimination ability of students
12. can be easily adapted for machine scoring
13. the format is helpful in item analysis
References:

Acero, V.O., Javier, E.S. and Castro, H.O. (2000). Principles

and Strategies of Teaching. Manila: Rex Book Store. Inc.
Casinto, C.D.C. (2009). Handbook on Principles of Teaching I.
Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Mellenbergh, G.J. (2008). Tests and Questionnaires:
Construction and Administration. Huizen, Netherlands:
Johannes van Kessel Publishing.
Miller, D.M., Linn, R.L. and Gronlund, N.E. (2010).
Measurement
and Assessment in Teaching. Ohio: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Orstein, A.C. (1990) Strategies for Effective Teaching. New
York: Harper Collins Publishers.
Thank you for listening!