Flooring

• Floors are the horizontal elements of the

building structure which divide the building in
to different levels for the purpose of creating
more accommodation with in a limited space.
• Floor consists of two components
– Sub floor or base course
– Floor covering or Flooring
• Sub floor – impart strength and stability to
support floor finishes.
• Floor covering – covering over sub floor, to
provide hard, smooth, impervious and durable
surface.
Selection of floorings:
• Appearance
• Cost
• Smoothness
• hardness
• Cleanliness
• Durability
• Fire resistance
• Noise resistance
 Materials used for flooring
• Mud or moorum
• Stone
• Brick
• Wood or timber
• Concrete
• Mosaic
• Terrazo
• Asphalt
• Tiles
• Rubber
• Glass
• Marble
 Types of flooring
• Concrete flooring
• Mosaic flooring
• Terrazo flooring
• Asphalt flooring
• Granolithic flooring
• Tiled flooring
• Marble flooring
• Stone flooring
• Granite flooring
• Ceramic flooring
Mud or moorum
Brick Flooring
Wooden Flooring
Asphalt
 Concrete flooring
• Flooring can be constructed monolithically,
after laying base course concrete topping is
provided.
• Thickness – 40 mm, aggregate size – 20 – 60
mm
• Square or diagonal lines are marked when
concrete is wet.
Concrete Flooring
 Mosaic flooring
• Mosaic flooring tiles available in variety of
patterns and colours.
• A hard concrete base is made and while wet, a
20 mm layer of cement mortar (1:2) laid.
• Over this bed mosaic tiles are arranged.
• After this coloured cement is sprinkled and
polished with pumice stone.
Mosaic Flooring
 Terrazo flooring
• It is a cement concrete flooring of 25 mm to
40 mm thickness.
• White cement instead of grey cement
• Marble chips instead of aggregates
• After finished polished with carborandam
stone exposing marble chips.
 Terrazo

• Flooring material
consisting of chips
of marble or granite
set in concrete and
polished to give a
smooth surface
 Asphalt flooring
• It is used to cover wooden or concrete floors.
• These are moisture proof and cheaper.
• Asphalt flooring is of following types
– Asphalt mosaic flooring
– Asphalt tiles flooring
– Asphaltic terrazo flooring
– Acid proof mastic flooring
 Asphalt mastic flooring
• Mixing of fine aggregate and natural or
artificial asphalt in the ratio 2:1.
• Thickness may be 2.5 cm.
• Laid on cement concrete base and spread by
trowel to get a levelled surface.
 Asphalt tiles flooring
• Made of asphalt, asbestos fibers, inert
materials and mineral pigments.
• Thickness varying from 3-6cm.
 Asphaltic terrazo flooring
• Prepared like mastic asphalt, except that
marble chips are used in the place of sand.
 Acid proof mastic flooring
• Manufactured from acid proof asphalt and
inert crushed rock aggregate under high
pressure.
 Granolithic concrete flooring
• Adopted where hard wearing surface is
required.
• Made with tough quality coarse aggregate
• 1:1:2 for industries and 1:2:3 for public
buildings.
Granolithic flooring
 Tiled flooring
• Used for star hotels, offices, houses etc.
• Either may be of clay or cement concrete.
• 15 cm layer of cement concrete is laid on
levelling ground.
• To receive tiles 25 mm layer of cement mortar
is laid.
• Cement paste is applied on the sides.
• Polished with carborundum stone.
 Marble flooring
• Superior type of floor construction
• Same as that of mosaic flooring
• Used for theatres, hospitals temples etc.
• Good appearance, easy maintenance.
 Stone flooring
• Used for workshops, godowns.
• Granite, basalt, sandstones are used.
• Size ranging from 30 to 60 cm.
• Hard, durable and wear resistant.
Stone Flooring