BPS 3323

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Methods Weighting
Individual Assignment 10%
Group Assignment 20%
Quiz 10%
Mid Semester Test 20%
Final Exam 40%
Total 100%
 Outline Course
Chapter 1: Introduction to Industrial Safety
Chapter 2: Pressure and Temperature Hazards
Chapter 3: Material Handling and Storage Hazards
Chapter 4: Mechanical Hazards and Machine Safeguarding
Chapter 5: Maintenance Hazards
Chapter 6: Electrical Hazards
Chapter 7: Radiation Hazards
Chapter 8: Confined Space Hazards
Chapter 9: Falling Hazards
INTRODUCTION
TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Industrial safety is refers to the management of all operations and
events within an industry in order to protect its employees and
assets by minimizing hazards, risks, and accidents.
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Before Industrial Revolution:
i) The ancient Babylonians (Code of Hammurabi) –
significant with safety and health perspective; clauses
dealing with injuries e.g sick workers were isolated
ii) Egyptian civilization – build huge temples and
pyramids − use slaves not treated well
iii) Reign of Rameses II (1500 BC) – build contruction
project Rameseum – health services to all workers;
regular health screening
iv) The Romans (vitally concern with safety and health) -
built sewerage system, public bath and well ventilated
house.
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Civilization Progress
i) In 1567 - Philippus Aureolus produced treatise
about pulmonary diseases of miners;
-disease smelter workers and metallurgists
-disease associated/handling/exposure to mercury
ii)Georgius Agricula published treatise;
-emphasizing the need for ventilations in mines/methods to
introduces fresh air into mines
iii) The eighteenth century – Bernardino
Ramazzini contribute on occupational diseases
-conclusive parallel between diseases suffered by workers
and their occupations.
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
The Industrial Revolution
Changed the method of producing goods;
i) Introduce inanimate power (i.e; steam power) replace
people and animal
ii) Substitution of machines for people
iii) Introduce new method for converting raw materials
iv) Organization and specialization of work – division of
labor.
The new methods also introduced new risks of injuries &
diseases.
 Early Industrialization in England
• The traditional system of manufacturing was the cottage
industry.
• Progress driven by a process of positive feedback between
spinning and weaving components of textile manufacturing(
innovation in one component induced further innovation in the
other)
• Two "icons" of this phase: child labor the industrial town:
living conditions deteriorated for large parts of the population.
Evolution of Distillation in France
• In 1780, major industrialist Chaptal adopted a
standard model of still for the distillation of
wine.
• The evolution of distillation illustrates features
of the this phase (1) the growing impact of
science on industrial technology, (2) the
central role of the self-taught amateur-
inventor (3) the impact of industrialization on
the legal system (EX: development of patent
laws).
Industrialization spreads to
• 1.Other industries
• railroads
• rubber (Charles Goodyear's discovery of vulcanization;
• synthetic (artificial) dyes (derived from the chemical aniline)
• 2. Organizational Changes
• rise of modern corporations versus traditional family-owned
firms
• rise of trained professionals (engineers, scientists) versus self-
taught amateurs
• Principal industries are related to new energy
sources:
• electricity (Thomas Edison)
• internal combustion engine, leading to the
rise of the automobile industry (first in
Germany and France, and then in the United
States)
• Technological progress in many industries has
been accelerated as an effect of the war effort
by countries involved in the conflict.
• aviation industry
• plastics
• nuclear
• aluminum
• electronics
• computers
 DEVELOPMENT OF ACCIDENT
PREVENTION PROGRAMMES
Modern workplace - many different types of accident prevention
programs include e.g.:
- Failure minimisation
- Fail-safe design
- Personal protective equipment
However, these techniques are individual components of
broader safety programs

Severe labor shortages (World War II); employers could not

afford to lose workers to accidents/any other reason

The realization came the long-needed incentive for employers

to begin playing an active role in creating and maintaining a
safe workplace –led to development of organized safety
programs by management (3 E’s)
 DEVELOPMENT OF ACCIDENT
PREVENTION PROGRAMMES
Early safety programs were based on 3 E’s of safety,
i) Engineering – involve design improvements to
product and process e.g. altering design, simplified to
made less dangerous/decrease potential hazards

ii)Education – ensures that employees know how to

work safely. It cover what, when, where, why and how
of safety (4 W , 1 H)

iii) Enforcement – ensure employees abide by

policies, rules , regulations, practices and
procedures.
 SAFETY AND HEALTH MOVEMENT
TODAY
It characterized by professionalization and integration
Modern industrial company may include
i) Industrial hygiene chemist/engineer - to test work
environment and the people who work in it.
ii)Radiation control specialist – monitor radiation level
which workers may be exposed.
iii)Industrial safety engineer/manager – develop and carry
out overall safety and health program include accident
prevention , investigation , education & training
iv)Other professionals – occupational nurses , physicians ,
psychologists , counselors , educators , dietitians .
 DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY
ORGANIZATIONS
Organizations/Bodies concerned with workplace safety
in Malaysia
DOSH – legislation, standard, OSH promotion
DOE – environment
NIOSH – training, consultancy; research
PERKESO – compensation, OSH promotion
Ministry of Health
Others:
- Universities : UKM, UPM, UMP, UiTM, UM, UIAM
etc. - OSH departments in organization.
DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY AND
HEALTH ACTS
• FACTORIES & MACHINERY ACT 1967
(FMA 1967)
• OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT
1994
(OSHA 1994)
• PETROLEUM (SAFETY MEASURES) ACT 1984
Sets safety and health standards, conducts inspections,
investigates problem , issues citations , assesses penalties,
petitions the courts to take appropriate action against unsafe
employers, maintains database of health and safety statistics
 Factories And Machinery Act 1967 (FMA)

An Act to provide for the control of

factories with respect to matters relating to
the safety, health and welfare or persons
therein, the registration and inspection of
machinery and for matters connected
therewith.
 OSHA 1994
 Gazette in February 1994
 Cover nearly all sectors expect person working on board
ship and the armed forces
 Wide coverage-nearly 90% of workforce

 Guiding principles
 Responsibilities for OSH lies with those WHO CREATE
THE RISK (employer) and those WHO WORK WITH
THE RISK (employee)
 Concept of so far as is REASONABLE/PRACTICABLE
OSHA OBJECTIVES:
 to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work
against risks out of the activities at work;

 to protect person at a place of work other than persons at

work against risks out of the activities at work;

 to promote an occupational environment for persons at work

which is adapted to their physiological and psychological
needs.

 to provide the means to be progressively replaced by a

system of regulations and approved industry codes….. to
maintain or improve the standards of safety and health.
 OSHA REGULATIONS
 Employers’ Safety and Health General Policy Statements Exception
Regulations 1995
 Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards Regulations 1996
 Safety and Health Committee Regulations 1996
 Classification, Packaging and Labeling of Hazardous Chemical
Regulations 1997
 Safety and Health Officer Regulations 1997
 Safety and Health Officer Order 1997
 Use and Standard Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health 2000
 Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence, Occupational
Poisoning and Occupational Disease 2004
OSH RELATED LAWS AND
REGULATIONS
Source: DOSH, 2018 (updated: 2 November 2018)
http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/occupational-accident-statistics/by-sector
Source: DOSH, 2018 (updated: 2 November 2018)
http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/occupational-accident-statistics/by-
Thank You