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CLAUSES
By teacher Ana García Pedregosa
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Describen al antecedente para
distinguirlo de otros nombres de la
misma clase. En este caso la
proposición de relativo es esencial
y necesaria para el
entendimiento claro del
antecedente y en consecuencia
de la oración:
The man who told me this refused to
give me his name.
*En ningún caso se puede omitir el pronombre de relativo si funciona como sujeto de la
proposición de relativo.
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES. RELATIVE
PRONOUN AS OBJECT
People: whom, who, that o sin pronombre
◦ La forma del pronombre relativo en función de complemento es WHOM
cuando el antecedente es una persona, pero se considera demasiado
formal y apenas se utiliza en inglés hablado.
◦ En su lugar se utiliza who o that, siendo that más frecuente en este caso,
y todavía más normal es omitir directamente el pronombre relativo.
The man whom I saw told me to come back today.
The man who I saw told me to come back today.
The man that I saw told me to come back today.
The man I saw told me to come back today.
THINGS: which
She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted herself.
These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give
you all the information you need
With a preposition:
PEOPLE: whom/who
No podemos omitir el relativo y la preposición normalmente va delante
de éste:
Mr Jones, for whom I was working, was very generous.
De todos modos, es correcto poner la preposición al final de la oración
de relativo, estructura usada especialmente a nivel oral.
Mr Jones, who/whom I was working for, was very generous.
THINGS: which
La preposición se puede poner delante de which o en un uso más
informal, al final de la oración de relativo.
Ashdown Forest, through which we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.
Ashdown Forest, which we’ll be driving through, isn’t a forest any longer.
NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES.
POSSESSIVE
PEOPLE: whose
Ann, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job.
This is George, whose class you will be taking next week.
This machine, which I have looked after for twenty years, is still working
perfectly.
Your inefficiency, which we have put up with for too long, is beginning to
annoy our customers.
RELATIVE ADVERBS
WHEN podría sustituir la combinación in/on which cuando
se refiere a tiempo:
The day when they arrived …
The year when she was born
*Se podría sustituir por THAT y se podría omitir, solo en las
defining relative clauses (D).
WHERE podría sustituir la combinación in/at which cuando
se refiere a lugar:
The hotel where they were staying …
*No se puede omitir ni sustituir por that.
WHY podría sustituir la combinación for which
The reason why he refused is …