Pump

What is a pump?
 Pumps are used to move any
substance which flows or which can
be made to flow. When we think of
pumping, we ordinarily think of
moving water, oil, air, steam, and
other common liquids and gases.
However, such substances as molten
metal, sludge and mud are also fluid
and can be moved with pumps.
 Pumps are so widely used, for varied
services. As a general rule, all pumps
are designed to move fluid
substances from one point to another
by pulling, pushing or throwing or by
some combination of these three
methods.
A pump is a device that adds energy
to the fluid to enable it to move from
one point to another.
 Onboard ship, pumps are used for a number of
essential services.
 Pumps feed water to the boiler, draw
condensate from the condensers, supply
seawater to the fire main, circulate cooling
water for coolers and condensers, empty the
bilges, transfer fuel oil, discharge fuel oil to the
burners and engines, and, serve many other
purposes.
 The operation of the ship’s propulsion plant and
almost all auxiliary machinery depends upon
the proper operation of pumps.
 Pump failure may cause failure of an entire
plant.
 Principles of Pump Operation
A pump’s primary purpose is to move
liquid from one point and deliver it to
another, by pulling, pushing, throwing or a
combination of these methods. Every
pump has a power end, whether it be a
steam turbine, a reciprocating steam
engine, a steam jet, or some kind of
electric motor. Each pump also has a
liquid end, where the liquid enters
(suction) and leaves (discharges) the
pump.
 The suction head on the pump means the
pressure of the liquid entering the pump,
or the difference in the level of liquid with
respect to the level of the pump on the
suction side.
 The discharge head means the pressure
of the liquid leaving the pump, or the level
of the liquid with respect to the level of
the pump on the discharge side.
 Suction head is usually expressed in feet
of water if positive, and in mercury if
negative. When a pump operates below
the level of the liquid, its suction end
receives the liquid under gravity flow.
When it operates above the level of the
liquid, it must create a vacuum to which
the liquid may be raised by atmospheric
pressure or by another pump.
 Atmospheric pressure has an important
bearing on the suction of the pump.
 Types of Pumps
 PositiveDisplacement Pump
–Reciprocating pump
–Rotary pump (gear, screw & vane)
–Combination of rotary and
reciprocating pump
 Dynamic Pressure Pumps
–Centrifugal pump
–Special effect pump (axial flow)
 General Applications
 Reciprocatingpump
–Most suitable and efficient for small
volume and high differential
pressure and can handle any
required viscosity.
 Rotarypositive displacement machines
–Suitable for intermediate range of
volumes, differential pressures and
viscosity.

 Centrifugalpump
–Widest application; large volume of
medium to low heads and viscosities.
–(require priming)
 Forms of drive
 A.C. motor-driven
 D.C. motor driven
 Turbine driven
 Direct acting steam (reciprocating)
 Diesel driven
 Frequency control
 Displacement Pump
 Output is almost directly proportional to
speed.
 Output is marginally reduced at increased
pressure - usually there is more slip with less
viscous fluids.
 The pump will develop a discharge pressure
equal to the resistance to be overcome,
irrespective of speed.
 They are self-priming.
 They will accept high suction lifts.
 They can handle large amounts of vapour
or entrained gases, which enable them to
deal with volatile or hot liquids.
 Their construction is complicated by the
presence of suction valves, discharge
valves, and air vessels, and the need for
relief valves to protect the pump against
the closure of delivery lines.
 Types of Rotary Pump
 Gear and screw pumps.
 Rotary vane pumps.
 Lobe pumps.
 Special geometric forms
 Gear and Screw Pumps
 Simplest type of rotary positive
displacement pump and commonly used
on board ships for handling small
quantities of fluids, eg. in lubricating and
fuel oil systems.
 Gear pumps, screw pumps and vane
pumps are positive displacement pumps.
Their internal parts rotate to generate a
positive pumping action to the fluid.
 The gear pump is also classified by
the type of gears used, such as spur
gears, helical gears or other special
gears such as Herring Bone type. The
efficiency of these pumps depends
upon the accuracy with which the
component parts are machined and
meshed together:-
 Consists of two meshing gears –
driver/driven.
 Fluid is transported circumferentially
between the casing and the gear teeth.
 Commonly employed for fuel and lube oil.
 Oil has lubricating properties help to avoid
damage to the teeth.
 All positive displacement pump must have
a relief valve – normally discharges the
excess pressure back to the inlet side.
 Working Clearances
 Teeth and casing
 Meshing gears (backlash)
 Gear wheel end face and casing (axial)
 Rotor and bush
 Screw Pump
Advantages
 can handle wide range of flows and
pressures
 can handle wide range of liquids and
viscosities
 high speed capacity – allowing freedom of
driver selection
 low internal velocities
 selfpriming
 minimum churning or foaming
 very little vibration, pulsation free flow
to quiet operation
 rugged and compact design – easy to
install and maintain
 Disadvantages
 relative high cost because of close
tolerance and running clearances
 performance sensitive to viscosity
changes
 high pressure capabilities requires long
length of pumping element thus cost goes
up
 1 Pump Casing 150 Main Screw
 2 Liner 151 Idler Screw
 62 Mechanical Seal 170 Roller Bearings
 100 Bearing Housing 171 Double Roller Bearings
 102 Seal Housing
 1 Pump Casing with Liner 151 Idler Screw
 30 Cover, Non-drive Side 152 Bearing Bush
 45 Cover, Driver Side 159 Shaft Collar Set
 52 Shaft Seal 170 Ball Bearing
 150 Main Screw
Mono Pump
 Mono Pump

 Used as a sludge pump

 Screw shaped stainless steel rotor
 Rubber stator
 Handle wide variety of liquids
 High head
 Vane Pump
 Sliding vane pumps - primarily high
speed units for small to moderate
capacities handling non-viscous and low
viscosity fluids.
 Heavy-duty vane pumps – large, slow
running machines capable of handling
the most viscous fluids and semi-solids.
 Swinging-vane pumps - medium or
larger capacity units of rugged
construction capable of handling
contaminated fluids.
Vane Pump
Flexible Vane Pump