RETROGRESSIVE DISORDER

BY GROUP 3
 MECHANISM CELL ADAPTATION
MECHANISM :
When the cell gets injured and the cell must continue to carry
out its function, then the cell will do an adaptation mechanism.
1. Subletal injury
The form of changes that occur in cells is as following:
 Cell swelling
 Lipid accumulation
2. Lethal injury
 Adaptation to Increased Cell Workloads.
 Adaptation to Decreasing Cell Workloads
 RETROGRESSIVE DISORDER

Regressive disorders = Retrogressive = Process of

decline
Retrogressive abnormalities are the process of
degeneration or a deterioration in the state of a
cell, tissue, organ, organism, towards a more
primitive state (becoming worse with a lower
level organization), losing its complexity
including metabolism, differentiation and
specialization.
VARIOUS OF RETROGRESSIVE DISORDER
ATROPHY
ATROPHY B. Pathologic atrophy.
A. Physiologic atrophy The causes are as under:
i) Atrophy of lymphoid tissue in 1. Starvation atrophy.
lymph nodes, appendix and 2. Ischaemic atrophy.
thymus.
3. Disuse atrophy.
ii) Atrophy of gonads after
4. Neuropathic atrophy.
menopause.
5. Endocrine atrophy.
iii) Atrophy of brain with aging.
6. Pressure atrophy.
7. Idiopathic atrophy.
DEGENERATION AND INFILTRATION
1. Degeneration
1) cloudy swelling degeneration
2) Hydropic degeneration
3) Fat degeneration
2. Infiltration
1) Glycogen infiltration
2) Stromal fatty infiltration
HYPERTROPHY
Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of parenchymal cells
which increases the enlargement of organs or tissues,
without changing the number of cells. Hypertrophy can
be physiological or pathological

1. Physiological hypertrophy.

2. Pathological hypertrophy.
DYSPLASIA
Dysplasia is a change in the direction of
deterioration in adult cells in terms of shape,
size and orientation that occur due to chronic
stimuli.
 The regularity of the core disappears where
there is an enlarged cell and a smaller one
Dysplasia is reversible if the cause is removed
so the cell can return to normal
ANAPLASIA

It is a cell setback but is irreversible or

cannot return to normal, which is one
indicator of the appearance of tumor
cells.
a. Aplasia / agenesis
b. Hypoplasia