Module UA 2.

2 Waste Management and Energy Supply

By:
Putra Rizkiya

Master of Urban Agglomerations

FH Frankfurt
Structure

 Waste Management in Germany

 Landfill in Germany
 Waste Treatment Capacity of Landfills in Germany
 Landfill Technology in Germany

 Waste management in Indonesia

 Landfill in Indonesia
 Emission Treatment in Indonesia
 New Landfill Project in Indonesia
 Waste Creative Industry

 Future Change and Challange

 Cobclusion
Waste Management in Germany
 Waste avoidance: household & manufacting
 Waste collection
 Separate waste collection
 Paper (recycled)
 Glass (recycled)
 Bio-waste (composted)
 Packing material (recycled or used for high calorific incineration)
 Residual waste (incineration and MBP)
 Waste recycle
 Waste treatment:
Hot treatment: incineration for energy and incineration ashes for landfill
Cold treatment: biological treatment: composting/ anaerobic digestion for agriculture
anaerobic treatment: pretreatment before landfill disposal

In 2009, 35.4 million tonnes of waste were disposed of in landfills, 6 million tonnes or 14.8% less than in the preceding year. This is the lowest
level since the amounts of landfill waste began to be recorded in 1975 (Destatis)
Waste treatment and incineration.

Input of landfills after 2005:

 Incineration ashes
 MBP output
 Waste that meet legal standard without treatment
Waste Management
Germany: reduce, reuse, recycle

http://www.gruener-punkt.de
Dual System Deutschland
 Landfills in Germany
Landfill Classification
Class 0: inert waste
Class I : quite inert municipal waste (e.g. Some incineration ashes)
Class II : Municipal waste
Class III: Hazardous waste
Class IV : Underground disposal site
 Inert waste
 Hazardous/ nuclear waste in salt caverns

Waste has to meet chemical/ biological and mechanical requirement specific to the class to be
landfilled
1993: 562 landfills
2006: less than 200 landfills
Existing Landfills in Germany
 Landfill Technology in Germany

Multi barrier concept

 Geological barrier
 Landfill liner
 Inner barrier (waste properties)
 Landfill barrier

Incineration Plant in Ruhr Area

 Treatment of Emission

 The German Business Institute (IW) estimates that Germany saves 3.7 billion euros a year
thanks to recycling and the production of energy from waste, 3 percent of total German
energy imports.
 New Landfill Project
MiMeThox Project
MiMethox: “to develop cover designs specifically suited for the sustainable reduction of methane fluxes from landfills
generating low calorific gas and thus to contribute to the National Climate Protection Programme. By developing and
validating a method for balancing the methane budget of whole landfills, the prerequisite for the participation of landfill
operators in carbon credit trading shall be established. “
“Comprehensive investigation concept was developed, integrating methods from the fields of waste management,
modelling, microbiology, soil and atmospheric sciences. ”

http://www.klimazwei.de
Waste Management in Indonesia
 Old paradigm: Collect, Transport, Landfills

Collect Landfills

Transport
 Landfills in Indonesia

Final Disposal Site

Temporary Disposal Site

Emission Treatment
Most landfill don’t treat emission

Integrated-Landfill Bantar Gebang, Bekasi, West Java

Waste Treatment Company:
PT GTJ (Godang Tua Jaya) (since 2008)
Plan: sanitary landfill , reduce, reuse, recycle, and
composting
Since 2009, waste treated by Galfad Technology
(gasification, landfill, and anaerobic digestion),
plactic waste recycle facility, methane gas treatment
facility, and electricity plant.
To separate waste, the company employs scavengers.
Bantar Gebang Landfill produced 10.5 megawatt electricity
Methane flaring and utilization in Bantar Gebang Landfill
 New Landfills Project in Indonesia
 Indonesia
Bangli Regional Landfill Project, Bali, Indonesia
Landfills with most advanced base-lining system in Indoensia

 NAUE Gmbh & Co. KG, Germany

 PT. Huls TirtraCitra, Indonesia
 BBG Bauberatung Beokunststoffe Gmbh
& Co. KG, Germany
NAUE Gmbh & Co. KG, Germany
PT. Huls TirtraCitra, Indonesia
BBG Bauberatung Beokunststoffe Gmbh & Co. KG,
Germany
Waste Creative Industry
 Future Change and Challenge of Landfill
 Target 2020: Germany plans to make use of all garbage and the energy produced by it.
 Reducing methane fluxes
Germany, MiMethox project (Microbial Methane Oxidation in Landfill Covers) develop and test cover designs to
sustainably reduce methane fluxes from landfills generating low calorific gas,.
 Optimize both methane emission reductions and water infiltration.
An interdisciplinary project on remediation of old sites and dumps (NUTZRAUM) started in Austria in spring 2007 which
focussed on the design of landfill covers (including biocovers) on the top of sites subjected to in-situ aeration to
optimize both methane emission reductions and water infiltration.
 The landfilling and dumping of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), Beyond the age of engineered Landfill: Eternal
Chemical
Stockholm Convention : It must be‘destroyed or irreversibly transformed so that they do not exhibit the characteristics
of persistent organic pollutants’.
 Open up old landfills ?? Stephan Harmening, president of the Federation of the German Waste Management Industry, “For
me it’s a matter of time,” said Harmening, “till we open up the old landfills and use the raw materials in them. I believe
that in 50 years time, the way we manage our trash today will be seen as a waste.”
 Waste management as a boom industry of the future
In Germany, 55,000 old garbage dumps have been replaced by 70 incinerators, 60 biological and mechanical waste-
processing factories, and 800 units producing compost from organic waste.
 Landfills gas to LNG in Bowerman Landfills, Orange County in California
 Waste creative industry
 Landfill and Climate Change
•Flooding, posing problems with the integrity of the containment systems and possibly increasing the rate of
future leakage.
•Longe drying periods may enhance drying or dessication of surface (or liner) caps, increasing the opportunity for
gaseous escape and higher infiltration of precipitation.
•Higher intensity rainfall events and increased flooding can be expected to impose risks on the integrity of the
containment systems and depending upon the lining system, may result in increased leachate production and
leackage.
•Greater levels of deposited POPs to leach into rivers, lakes and the larger environment via escaping leachate,
ground or surface water as well as to the atmosphere by volatilization.
•Rise of sea level and storm surges: contaminant release to sea lead to exposure and subsequent bioaccumulation
of contaminants to fish in these areas from landfill and contaminated site
Sydney bay contaminated by releases and deposits of an organochlorine manufacturer formerly producing
PCP, 2,4,5-T and other organochlorines
Baltic Sea where levels are frequently above Dioxin/PCB EU levels and sales are restricted for the European
market
(Weber, et. Al, 2011)
Better liner (use of geotextile to protect geomembrane), better landfill cover, better location
 Conclusion

 Germany and Indonesia has very big gap in landfill strategies, from waste management to landfill
technology
 Germany has a very advanced landfill technology and Indonesia still has improve in many section.
 Both country has to face challange in different level in the future.
 Germany has to achieve target 2020, which make them have to find a more advanced technology.
 The main challenge in Indonesia is developing more advanced technology and waste management,
include effort to promote habit to throw waste on the garbage and govenrment have to
coordinate it.
But, a good beginning have already started with the application of advanced landfills technology,
such as in Bantar Gebang Landfill and Bangli Landfill.
 Germany has to face problem in different level, which include POP, old landfills, and also
developing landfill technology that is anticipative to climate change.
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www.wasteconsult.de
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Waste Water treatment in
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