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INTRODUCTION
EXTENT & RELATIONS
DIVISIONS
PHARYNGEAL WALL
MUSCULATURE
NASOPHARYNX
OROPHARYNX
LARYNGOPHARYNX
VASCULAR SUPPLY
NERVE SUPPLY
WALDEYER’S RING
DETECTIVE DOCTORS
APPLIED ANATOMY
FUN FACT
PHARYNX- Introduction
A musculomembranous tube
12–14 cm long
Extent: Cranial base to the
level of the C6 vertebra i.e.
lower border of the cricoid
cartilage where it is continuous
with the oesophagus.
A common passage for both
food and air.
Lined my mucous throughout.
Situated posterior to the nasal
and oral cavities.
AIR
FOOD
Widest part-superior most with a
diameter-3.5 cm
NARROWEST part of GIT-Its
junction with oesophagus-1.5 cm.
RELATIONS-
Sup: Posterior part of the sphenoid
body and the basilar part of the
occipital bone.
Inf: continuous with the oesophagus.
Post: C1-C6 vertebra & prevertebral
fascia covering longus colli and
capitis.
Ant: opens into the nasal cavity,
mouth and larynx.
It is attached, from above downwards
on each side to: the medial pterygoid
plate, pterygomandibular raphe,
mandible, tongue, hyoid bone, thyroid
and cricoid cartilages.
DIVISIONS
PHARYNX
CONSTRICTORS LONGITUDINAL
MUSCLES
Superiorconstrictor Stylopharyngeus
Inferior constrictor
Crescentric interval
between sup.
Constrictor and base of
skull above is filled up
by
Condensed
pharyngobasilar fascia
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Auditiory tube
PASSAVANT’S RIDGE
A constant band of muscle sweeps backwards from the upper
surface of the palatine aponeurosis, to blend internally with the
superior constrictor near its superior border .This band is the
palatopharyngeal sphincter
It ridges the pharyngeal wall (ridge of Passavant) visibly when
the soft palate is elevated.
The change from, 'respiratory' epithelium to oral epithelium
on the superior palatal aspect occurs at the attachment of the
palatopharyngeal sphincter to the palate.
MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR
Thyropharyngeus Cricopharyngeus
From oblique line of - From the side of cricoid
thyroid cartilage cartilage
- Fascia covering
cricothyroid
- Fibres are inserted into the midline raphe posteriorly.
Killian's dehiscence
Thyropharyngeus –propulsive action, Cricopharyngeus-
constrictive action
Incoordination between the two-ZENKER’S DIVERTICULUM
ZENKERS DIVERTICULUM
Pharyngeal Wall-THE GAPS
LONGITUDINAL MUSCLES
NASO PHARYNX
The Nasopharynx
The nasal part of the pharynx has a respiratory
function.
•It lies superior to the soft palate and is a
posterior extension of the nasal cavity.
•The nose opens into the nasopharynx via to
large posterior apertures called choanae.
•The roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx
form a continuous surface that lies inferior to the
body of the sphenoid bone and the basilar part of
the occipital bone.
CONTENTS
•Pharyngeal tonsil
•Pharyngeal orifice of the auditory tube
•Tubal elevation - torus tubarius
•Talpingopharyngeal fold.
•Tubal tonsil
•Pharyngeal recess
OROPHARYNX