THE CAUSES OF

THE CONFLICT
 The Treaty of Versailles did not create a climate of
reconciliation but a climate of resentment among
nations. Germany and Italy did not accept the
impositions of Versailles.

 The crisis of 29 created a context of depression

that favored fascism.

 Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany developed

an aggressive foreign policy that was justified by
economic needs or historical prestige.

 Faced with the aggressive politics of authoritarian

regimes, democracies did not intervene in the
problems of the world.
 THE MARCH
TOWARD THE WAR
 Since the early 1930s, authoritarian states have pushed
aggression toward other countries:

* In Asia, Japan sought to expand its territories at

the expense of China. In 1937 the invasion of China
began.
*In Africa, in 1935, Italy occupied Ethiopia. In
Europe, he invaded Albania.

 Italy and Germany intervened in the Spanish Civil War,

providing soldiers and armament to the insurgent
military.

 Germany developed a policy of territorial expansion with

the idea of creating a great empire.
ALLIANCES AND THE
BURST OF THE CONFLICT
 The expansionist policy was supported by
international treaties of mutual support.

 In 1936, Germany signed an alliance with Italy,

known as the Rome-Berlin Hub. This one was
renewed in 1939 with the name of Pact of Steel.

 Germany signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with

Japan in 1936.

 France and Britain stayed out of these alliances.

 To prevent the USSR from allying with France and

Great Britain to help Poland, Hitler signed the
German-Soviet Pact with Stalin.
THE VICTORIES OF
THE AXIS
 With the invasion of Poland, Hitler initiated the lightning
war, which allowed the surprise attack and advance
quickly. Poland sank and the country was divided
between Germany and the USSR.

 In 1940, German armies invaded much of Western

Europe.

 German aviation bombed British ports and cities: it was

the Battle of Britain.

 Hitler unleashed the Battle of the Atlantic to block the

British Isles.

 In 1941, with Operation Barbarosa attacked Russia.

EUROPE UNDER
NAZISM
 The Nazi occupation was aimed at subjecting
European territories to the benefit of Germany.

 Accordingly, the Nazis organized the conquered

territories in regions incorporated into the Reich,
colonized regions and satellite states.

 The occupation also meant the spread of terror and

repression over the population subjected. The
Germans found collaborators among the civilian
population.

 The Gestapo and the SS implanted a regime of

violence and terror on the population. The
persecution was hard for Jews in the so-called
Holocaust.
 THE
HOLOCAUST
 Since the rise to power of the Nazis in Germany, Jews were
persecuted and forced to wear a badge on clothing.

During the war, they were forced to live in ghettos and later
transferred to concentration camps with the imposition of
forced labor.

In 1942, the Nazi hierarchs decided the total elimination of the

Jews (men, women and children).

The camps became places of mass extermination for enslaved

prisoners and subjected to all kinds of humiliation.

Six million victims are estimated.

THE ALLIANCE
TRIUMPH
 In June 1942, the situation of the war took a turn when the
USSR and the United States reinforced the allies.

 The Americans restrained the Japanese in the Pacific (Battle

of Midway) and the British to the Germans in North Africa (El-
Alamein).

 Hitler's first major failure took place in Stalingrad.

 From this moment, the allies began their offensive.

 With the American landing in Normandy (1944) many soldiers

entered Europe. The Anglo-Americans advanced from the
West and the Russians from the East.
 Hitler committed suicide in 1945 and Germany capitulated.

 To precipitate Japanese surrender, US President Truman

decided to use a new weapon: the atomic bomb, which was
dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (August 1945).

 On 2 September, Japan capitulated.

 The war was over.

 The consequences of war

THE IMPACT OF WAR

The demographic balance of the war was
around 5º million dead, of which half were in
the USSR, followed by Germany and Poland.
For the firts time in history, most of the
victims were mot military but civilians.
The material destruction was very important and
effected, especially to the cities. The media and
industrialfacilities. On the other hand, countries that
had been left out of competition (Canada, Australia,
Sweden..),and became suppliers, experienced great
economic growth. The war left a profound moral
impact modifications of borders and expilsion of ethnic
minorities led to large number of forced population
displacement.
 THE PEACE CONFERENCES
The three great allies (Britain, the United States,
and the USSR) met for the firts time at the Thran
Conference ( November 1943), attended by
Churchill, Rooservelt and Stalin. All the firts joint
military measures were taken to accelerate the
end of war that already was considered won.
The second conference of the three great vioces
took place in the city of Yalta (February 1945),
where it was decided to eliminate the
Nazinregime in Germany.
THE POSTDAM CONFERENCE
Held a third peace conference in Potse
Auguts.The new protagonists agreed on severeal
aspects relating to Germany (return of the
territories annexed by Germany form Austria
dismantling of the nation, separation of military
industry, process and punishment of the nazis
leaders).
 THE CREATION OF THE ONU
The ONU was founded at the San Francisco
Conference. The new organization had 46
foundational states and its abjective was the
maintenance of peace, international security
and cooperation between nations.
 The formation of antagonistic blocs
THE DETERIORATION OF RELATIONSHIPS NETWEEN
THE ALIADOS

Afther the Second World War, a great deal was evident among
the Western countries of the Soviet Union. The Union and
Yalta Conferences and Postsdam had divided Europe into two
zones of influence, and both the United States gaining new
positions. The formation of popular democratic calls was
promoted. The Soviet Union, Poland, Romania, Hungary
occupied by the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, East Germany, Albania
and Yugoslabia was the formation on the called popular
democracies, in the wake of a communist system inspired by
the Soviet.
 THE RUPTURE: THE STEEL SCREEN
The definitive rupture of the blocks took place in
1947 American president exposed what is known as
Truman Doctrine. She denounced the creation of
communist regimes in the countries occupied by
the red army and proposed the American
intervention to stop the communist threat in
Europe. To do this they increased the number of
American soldiers and bases Europe and proposed
the Marshall Plan an economic aid to push the old
continent reconstruction. In this way, distancing
Europe from poverty, would reduce the risk of
expansion of communism.
 The number of American soldiers and bases in
Europe was increased and the Marshall Plan was
proposed. In 1949, US allies created OTAN
nationalization of the North Atlantic Treaty, and
in 1955 the Soviet Union and its allies formed
the Warsaw Pact.
THE PATICIPATION OF GERMANY IN TWO
STATES
The first scenario of confrontation between
the two blocks took place in Germany.
Afther the war, this country has been
divided into four zones occupied by Brithis,
French, American and Soviet. In 1948, the
three western allies and create a German
federal state. In response, the USSR
ordered the blockade of the city of Berlin.
Cold war and peaceful coexistence
WHAT IS COLD WAR?
The Cold War consisted of a model of international
relations that developed after the Second World
War.
Was based on a permanent antagonism between
the blocs led by the United States and the Soviet
Union. It was a tense confrontation, without
reaching a warlike confrontation between the two
powers, but in which they developed a great arms
race.
THE CONFLICTS OF THE COLD WAR.
THE WAR OF COREA:
At the end of the world war, in northern Korea was occupied by
Russian troops, and the south, by the American. Korea was
divided into two states. In 1950 North Korea invaded the south
with Soviet support, and the United States troops defended
South Korea. The conflict ended with the peace of Panmunjon
1953.
THE VIETNAM WAR:
Was a war that faced south Vietnam, with the help of the united
states, and north Vietnam between 1958 and 1975.
THE CRISIS OF THE MISSILES:
After the Castro regime was installed in Cuba, the US
government boycotted Cuba, which soon received aid from the
USSR.