Friction

By: Rajapatel Mohammad sufiyan

AZ

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 Dry Friction
Force of resistance acting on a body which prevents
or retards slipping of the body relative to a surface
with which it is in contact.

Friction
exists?

roughnesses of the contacting surfaces.

Direction: tangent to the contacting surface and

opposed to the relative motion or tendency for motion
Line of Action (Point of application): contact surface
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 Equilibrium
Friction Model [ F  0] [ M  0] x  h
P
h
P
N W
F  P N W
In equilibrium W y
a/2 a/2
FBD is correct? x
P
modeling
h
The DN at right side is supporting F
force more than its left side. x
N N

If x > a/2 ? The object is toppling

(not in equilibrium)

• Frictional force F increases Slipping and/or toppling Slipping

with force P Tipping Effect
• The application
point (x) of N x-limit F-limit

P x F
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 a/2 a/2

Motion P
h
F
x
N N
• Slipping / Sliding
– Relative sliding (translation motion) between two
surfaces

• Toppling / Tippling
– Fall over (rotation) about the edge
– Topple, tipping, rolling, tumble, trip
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Experiment for determining Friction
mg

m P FBD P

F
“impending motion”’ N
(on the verge of motion)
Static friction
F (no motion) Object at rest (no motion)
Fk = kN  Fs  SN (generally)
s k

 S : coefficient of static friction

Kinetic friction
(motion) Object with motion (steady state)
P  Fk  k N
Fs:max = sN k : coefficient of kinetic friction

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k ,  s : constant on 2 certain contacting surfaces
 no change in  k
Angle of Friction however P, mg are
Not depend on N
Fk  k N Fk
not depend on P,v,a
 k  tan 1
N
 tan 1  k k

 k = arctan(k) = angle of kinetic friction

 k  k (object in motion)
mg

Fs  S N ? tan 1 (  s )
s P
S N
F

 1  s  max
Fs 
 s  tan 1
tan
F
 tan 1
s N
R
N N

 s = arctan(s) = angle of (max) static friction P  Fs 

s 
s  s (object at rest) 6
Dry Friction

Dry Friction Characteristics

• Frictional force acts tangentially to the contacting surfaces,
opposing the relative or tendency for motion.

• Fs is independent of the area of contact, provided that the

normal pressure is not very low nor great enough for
deformation of the surfaces.

• In equilibrium:
Impending slipping:  = s
Slipping:  = k
Very low velocity: k s

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Example

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Dry Friction Impending Motion

Static Friction Typical Values

Contact Materials μs

Metal / ice 0.03 – 0.05

Wood / wood 0.30 – 0.70
Leather / wood 0.20 – 0.50
Leather / metal 0.30 – 0.60
Aluminum / Aluminum 1.10 – 1.70

How to obtain values of s ?

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THANK YOU
ANY QUERIES?

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