In the name of

ALLAH
the most Gracious, the
most Merciful
Managing DHCP & DNS
Servers
Group Members:
Toseef Hassan (BSF1600847)
Muhammad Ishfaq (BSF1604280)
Muhammad Umar (BSF1600824)
Faizan Ashraf (BSF1600938)
Naveed Javed (BSF1600854)
 DHCP:
 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a
client/server protocol that automatically provides an
Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other
related configuration information such as the subnet mask
and default gateway.
 Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) is one of the
most commonly implemented network services in today’s
network environments.
 DHCP:
 A client configured for DHCP will send out a broadcast
request to the DHCP server requesting an address.
 The DHCP server will then issue a "lease" and assign it to
that client. The time period of a valid lease can be specified
on the server.
 DHCP reduces the amount of time required to configure
clients and allows one to move a computer to various
networks and be configured with the appropriate IP address,
gateway and subnet mask.
 How DHCP works?
1. A DHCP client sends a broadcast packet (DHCPDiscover) to discover DHCP servers on the
network.

2. The DHCP server receives the DHCPDiscover packet and respond with a DHCPOffer packet,
offering IP addressing information to the DHCP client.

3. If there is more than one DHCP server on the network segment and the DHCP client
receives more than one DHCPOffer packets, the client will accept the first DHCPOffer packet.
The DHCP client responds by broadcasting aDHCPRequest packet, requesting network
parameters from the DHCP server.

4. The DHCP server approves the lease with a DHCPACK (Acknowledgement) packet. The
packet includes the lease duration and other configuration information.
How DHCP works?
Installing DHCP Server:
• On the Start screen, type Server Manager, and open it from the results
displayed.
• On the Server Manager window, click Manage on the Title bar, and then
click Add Roles and Features.
Installing DHCP Server:
• It will open the Add Roles and Features Wizard. On the Before you begin
page, click Next. On the Server Manager window, click Manage on the Title
bar, and then click Add Roles and Features.
Installing DHCP Server:
• On the Select installation type page, choose Role-based or feature-based
installation, and then click Next. On the Select destination server page,
verify that the Windows Server 2012 Essentials is chosen, and then click Next.
Installing DHCP Server:
• On the Select Server Roles, click to select DHCP Server. After this option is
selected, you may see a pop up to add additional features.
 Installing DHCP Server:
• On the Confirm
installation
selections, click
Install. Do NOT
select the option
Restart the
destination server
automatically if
required. On the
Installation progress
page, or click Close.
 Installing DHCP Server:
• To complete the DHCP deployment, click on Complete DHCP configuration on the
Post-deployment Configuration under the Notification icon.
Installing DHCP Server:
• On the Description page, click Next
Installing DHCP Server:
• On the Authorization page, verify that Use the following user’s credentials
is selected and the Administrator user name is put there.

<<Screenshot is missing>>
Installing DHCP Server:
• On the Summary page, check the status of the post install configuration
and then click Close.
Configuring DHCP Server:
Note:
• For both DHCP & DNS servers to be configured, they should
have a static IP address. So, first go ahead and configure
your network with local/static IP address.
Configuring DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
• To launch DHCP console click on tools on from server managers toolbar
and select DHCP from dropdown list.
DHCP Server:
• Alternatively, press Win+R and type in “dhcpmgmt.msc”, hit enter, it will
open DHCP mmc (Microsoft Management Console).
DHCP Server:
• On the DHCP console, expand the Server name, you'll see IPv4 and IPv6
options.
DHCP Server:
• To create a new scope right click on IPv4 and select New Scope from
the options.
 DHCP Server:
• It will open New
Scope Wizard. Follow
this wizard to name
the Scope
conventionally. Add
the IP Address Range
for the client
computers, e.g.
192.168.1.3 to
192.168.1.50. Add the
Default Gateway (IP
of the router), DNS
Server (IP of the
Server itself), and
activate the scope.
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
DHCP Server:
• Now to make sure that you have configured DHCP correctly via
PowerShell, just run the following command, the result will show
accuracy of your job:
• get-dhcpserverv4scope
DNS Server:
Each website of World Wide Web has a unique IP address assigned
to it, and that IP address can be used to visit the website instead
of Domain Name Address (DNA).
Example:
DNA: https://www.google.com
IP: 216.58.210.78
DNS Server:
• We always remember the name of a website, not their IP
address because IP addresses are very hard to remember.
• It’s more or less like not remembering the mobile number of a
person instead saving that number by a name.
• The domain name service protocol working at the application
layer translates the domain names into IP addresses for us.
Types of DNS Server:
Primary DNS Servers
Secondary DNS Servers
Cache-only DNS Servers
Types of DNS Server:
Primary DNS Servers
• A DNS Server contains zone files.
• If a DNS Server is authoritative over a zone file, it has full control over
it. A Primary DNS Server can update, make additions to, modify and
delete records in the zone file.
• The Primary DNS Server is the only place modifications to the domain
can be made.
• Primary DNS Servers are authoritative over the zones that they contain.
• Multiple Primary DNS Servers can be authoritative for the same zone,
any changes to the zone file will be replicated to all other DNS Servers.
Types of DNS Server:
Secondary DNS Server:
• A Secondary DNS Server contains backup copies of a zone file and can
only read information from the zone file.
• A Secondary DNS Server cannot update or delete records from the zone
file it contains.
• Any changes that need to be made to the zone file have to be made on
the Primary DNS Server.
• These changes are then replicated to the secondary DNS server.
• Secondary DNS Servers are used for load-balancing and fault-tolerance.
Types of DNS Server:
Cache-only DNS Servers
• Caching-only DNS Servers only cache the information and don’t
actually hold any sort of zone file.
• When a caching-only DNS Server is first started it contains no
information, and the cache is gradually built up over time using
iterative queries to other DNS Servers that contain the
information.
• A caching-only server is not authoritative for any zone.
Zones of DNS Server:
Forward lookup zone:
• A Forward lookup is the most common form of DNS lookup.
• This type of lookup converts a hostname into an IP address.
• A Forward Lookup-Zone contains Name to IP Address mappings.
• Each zone file consists of a number of resource records (RR’s).
• Resource records (RR’s) contain information about certain resources on
the network.
Resource Records:
There are several types of resource records (RR’s) that can be found in a
zone file:
• A (Host) Record: Is used to associate a host’s name to an IP address.
• CNAME (Alias): An IP Address can have more than one name. Some Web
Sites, for example, have several Web Servers for load balancing, each
with different IP Addresses. A query to www.microsoft.com will give you
several possible IP Addresses all pointing to the same web-site.
• MX (Mail Exchanger): A Mail record used to indicate where mail for the
domain should go.
Resource Records:
• The Name Server Record (NS): Shows which DNS Servers are
authoritative for this zone.
• Start of Authority (SOA) Record: This is the first record in the database
file and contains information about the zone file.
Reverse Lookup Zones:
• A Reverse Lookup-Zone contains IP Address to Name mappings.
• This allows the computer to do reverse queries, some applications need
to be able to make reverse lookup queries.
Reverse Lookup Zones contain the following Resource Records.
• Pointer Record: (Does the opposite of the A record it maps an IP address
to a host name. By having the two types of records it is possible to do a
reverse lookup.)
• CNAME (Alias)
• The Start of Authority (SOA) record
• The Name Server Record (NS)
Installing DNS Server:
• Please refer to “Lec 11 Active Directory in Windows 2012
Server.pptx” file.
 Configuring DNS Server:
On the Dashboard click on Tools and select DNS,
it will run the DNS MMC (Microsoft Management
Console).
Configuring DNS Server:
DNS MMC (Microsoft Management Console).
Configuring DNS Server:
Right Click on
forward
Lookup Zone
to create a
new zone.
Configuring DNS Server:
You’ll see
New Zone
Wizard
window, click
Next.
Configuring DNS Server:
Keep default
selections and
click Next.
Configuring DNS Server:
Keep default
selections and
click Next.
Configuring DNS Server:
Enter a zone
name and
click Next.
Configuring DNS Server:
Keep default
selections and
click Next.
Configuring DNS Server:
Click Finish to
exit the
wizard.
Your forward
lookup zone is
created, now
go ahead to
create
reverse
lookup zone
too.
Configuring DNS Server:
Right click on
Reverse
Lookup Zone
to open
wizard.
Configuring DNS Server:
You’ll see
New Zone
Wizard for
reverse
lookup zone,
click Next to
proceed.
Configuring DNS Server:
Keep default
selections and
click Next to
proceed.
Configuring DNS Server:
Keep default
selections and
click Next to
proceed.
Configuring DNS Server:
Keep default
selection(
IPv4) and
click Next to
proceed.
Configuring DNS Server:
Here enter
your network
id (which is
the first three
octets of your
IP)and click
Next to
proceed.
Configuring DNS Server:
Keep default
selection and
click Next to
proceed.
Configuring DNS Server:

Click Finish to
exit the
wizard.
Configuring DNS Server:
Now both the
zones are
created, next
task is to create
Hosts. Right click
on Forward
Lookup Zone
your just
created and
select New Host
(A or AAAA)…
Configuring DNS Server:
You’ll see New
Host window,
enter your host
name in the
Name field and
IP against that
host.
Remember to
check the PTR
checkbox and
click Add Host
button.
Configuring DNS Server:
In our case, we created two hosts, and to check these
hosts we’ll run the following PowerShell command:
nslookup
 Configuring DNS Server:
Inside the
nslookup
command, if we
enter the host
name we get
the IP against
host name, that
is done by
forward lookup
zone
 Configuring DNS Server:
Inside the
nslookup
command, if we
enter the IP address
we get host name
against IP address,
that is done by
reverse lookup zone
Any Questions?