GROUP 3 :

LALA AZHARI
VERAWATI
ATIKA
The Formulating Of Research Problem
The Formulating of Research Promblem

A research problem is a definite or clear expression

[statement] about an area of concern, a condition to
be improved upon, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a
troubling question that exists in scholarly literature,
theory, or within existing practice that points to a need
for meaningful understanding and deliberate
investigation. A research problem does not state how
doing something, offer a vague or broad proposition,
or present a value question. (Alan Byrman).
The Form of Formulating Research
Problem
 Descriptive problem formulation
 Comparative problem formulation

 Associative problem formulation

1) Symmetrical relationship
2) Causal Relationships
3) Reciprocal / interactive relationship
Descriptive problem formulation

 How good is the performance of regional heads in

province X?
 How does the attitude of the community respond to
as' college attendance?
 How high is the effectiveness of a no-smoking policy
in a green open space?
 How high is the level of community satisfaction with
Puskesmas services in area B?
Comparative problem formulation

 Are there differences in work productivity between Civil

Servants and Private Escorts?
 Are there similarities in the way of service in company X
and company Y?
 Are there differences, intelligence and expertise
between regional students and students in the city?
 Are there differences in the convenience of riding public
transportation and riding public buses, according to
various layers of society?
 Are there differences in the level of community
satisfaction in areas A and B in education services?
Associative problem formulation

 1) Symmetrical relationship
 Is there a relationship between the number of ants
in a guava tree with the level of sweetness of
guava fruit?
 Is there a relationship between height and
leadership abilities?
 Is there a relationship between the large number of
frogs in an area with frequent rainfall?
2) Causal Relationships

 Is there an influence on salary level with employee

performance?
 How much influence does the president's leadership
have on community discipline?
 How big is the influence of AC on the efficiency of
employee performance?
3) Reciprocal / interactive relationship

 Is there a relationship between discipline and

motivation?
 Is there a connection between persistence and
wealth?
Conclusion
 The Formulating of Research Problem is a formula that
questions a phenomenon, both in its position as an
independent phenomenon, and in its position as a
phenomenon that is interrelated between phenomena with
one another, both as a cause and as a result. Problem
formulation has several functions including the following; as
a driver of a research activity to be held, as a guideline /
determinant of the direction or focus of a study, as a
determinant of what type of data is needed and must be
collected by researchers, and what types of data are
unnecessary and must be set aside by researchers, with the
formulation of problems research, the researchers can be
facilitated in determining who will be the population and
research sample.