HORMONE METABOLISM

Arranged By :
Doni Setyawan P1337420617033
Aulia Khilda K P1337420617056
Citraningrum P. K P1337420617058
 Definition Hormon
 Hormones (from the Greek: horman - "who move")
are chemical messengers between cells or between
cells. All multicellular organisms, including plants,
produce hormones.
 Hormone: the active substance produced by the
endocrine glands, which enter the bloodstream to
specifically affect the target tissue (organs).
eg: anterior hypophysis, FSH, ovaries.
 Function of hormon :

Controls Activity Levels from Target Network

by Road:
1. Changing Chemical Reaction in Cells
2. Changing Permitability of Cell Membranes
to materials specific.

HOMEOSTASIS
 General Characteristics of
Hormones
Not secreted at a uniform rate
Exert their effects in biocatalytic amounts
Turnover is varied and usually rapid
Exert multiple actions
Exhibit high degree of specifity
Different tissues may respond differently to
a given hormone
 Regulation of Hormone Secretion

A. Feedback Control
• Negative feedback : is the most common
mechanism in the regulation of hormone
secretion.
Hormones can also directly or indirectly
affect its own secretion through the
mechanism of down regulation.
• Positive feedbaack : very rare
NEGATIVE FEEDBECK MECHANISM

Hipotalamus
IH RH
Adenohipofisis
_ Tropic Hormone +
Target Gland

Target Gland Hormone

POSITIF FEEDBACK MECHANISM

Estrogen  LH 
B. Neural Control
• Visual / olfactory / gustatory
C. Chronotopic Control
• Sleep-wake cycle / physiologic cycle
 Forms of hormones in the circulation

A. Free molecules (unbound)

- Water-soluble hormones
B. Bound molecules
- Water insoluble hormones
- Bound with specific globulins or transport
protein such as albumin, “cortisol-binding
globulin” , and “thyroid-binding globulin”
 Fates of hormone

• Target cell uptake

• Metabolic degradation
• Urinary or biliary excretion

Kidney and liver are the major sites at

hormone metabolism and degradation
 classification of Hormon
A. According to structure
1. Steroids hormones (cholesterol) : Derived from cholesterol and
secreted by the adrenal cortex of vertebrates and padamamalia
also by the placenta.
Cortex Adrenal : Cortisol and Aldosteron
Ovaries : Estrogen and Progesterone
Testes : Testosteron
2. Amino Tyrosin Acid Derivatives : Secreted by the thyroid gland and
Adrenal gland medulla (catecholamines)
Thyroid : Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
Adrenal Medula : Epinephrine and Nor-Epinephrine
3. Peptide or Protein :
- It is the largest group and directed by mRNA in the endoplasmic
reticulum, largely formed as a prohormone. The peptide from a
preprohormone split in Golgi's soil forms a hormone.
- Secreted by most kel. endocrine
- Simple / polypeptide : insulin, glucagon, somatostatin,ACTH
- Complex / glicoprotein : TSH, FSH, LH, HCG
- Biogenic amino hormones : tyroksin, catecholamines
B. Hormone Work Mechanism (Solubility)
1. Hydrophilic (water soluble) : Most hormones
2. Hydrophobic (not water soluble) : Steroid hormone and
thyroid hormone
• The solubility of hormones also affects:
1) synthesis
2) storage
3) Secretion
4) transport in the blood
5) Mechanisms affecting affected target cells
6) half-life.
SEKRESI HORMON

a. Hipofisis Posterior
1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
2. Oxcytocin

b. Hipofisis Anterior
1. Growth Hormone (GH)
2. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH,
Adrenocorticotropin)
3. Tyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH, Thyrotropin)
4. Prolactin (LTH = Luteotropic Hormone)
5. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
6. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Gonadotropic Hormone
 ESTROGEN METABOLISM

Estrogens are metabolized in 2 phases:

Phase 1 (hydroxylation) and Phase 2
(methylation) detoxification.

Additionally, there are 3 different

pathways by which the detoxification can
occur. We’ll start with the optimal pathway.
 2-Hydroxy
Estradiol and estrone both go through the same metabolic
pathways.

Estrone is converted to 2-Hydroxyestrone. This is Phase I

detoxification also known as hydroxylation. Step 2 in the diagram
depicts Phase 2 detoxification which is also known as
methylation. This step takes a more toxic substance and alters it
to prepare it for elimination.
 16-Hydroxy

Another potential pathway through which estrogen is metabolized

is the ’16’ pathway. This pathway, while needed, is not as
desirable as the 2-Hydroxyestrone pathway.

Step 1 in the 16-Hydroxyestrone pathway is the same. It is a

hydroxylation, Phase I detox. However, Phase 2 is a reduction
phase and produces Estriol. Recall that estriol (E3) is a very weak
estrogen.
 4-Hydroxy
The 3rd possible metabolism pathway is the 4-Hydroxyestrone
pathway. This pathway is the most problematic and we want to
limit estrogen metabolism through the 4-OH pathway as much as
possible.

Estrone being hydroxylated through Phase 1 detox and forming

4-OHE1. Step 2 is methylation of 4-OHE1 to form 4-MeE1.
The problem starts when methylation is inadequate as there
begins to be a buildup of 4-OHE1. 4-OHE1 can then be
converted to 3,4-Quinones which are pro-carcinogenic meaning
that they cause cancer.

4-OHE1 may directly damage DNA and cause mutations which

enhances cancer development. Equine estrogens increase
estrogen metabolism into 4-OHE1. Women with uterine fibroids
may have increased levels of 4-OHE1.
REFERENCES :
http://fales.co/blog/hormon-dalam-metabolisme.html
https://nanopdf.com/download/metabolisme-hormone_pdf
Biokimia_hormon_dan_perannya_dlm_metabolisme_dr_Prasaja2
012
Wahyuni, Sri. “Hormon-hormon Yang Berperan Dalam
Metabolisme”. 5 Desember 2017.
https://www.google.co.id/search?q=hormon+yang+berperan+dala
m+metabolisme