MOVING VESSEL

HORIZONTAL MOTION
 EXAMPLE
A closed horizontal cylindrical 1.5 𝑚 in diameter
and 4 𝑚 long is completely filled with gasoline
(sp. gr. = 0.82) and accelerated horizontally at
3 𝑚 Τ𝑠 2 .

a) Find the total force acting at the rear wall

and;
b) At the front wall of the tank.
c) Find also the accelerating force on the fluid
mass.
 SOLUTION
𝑎
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = a) 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 𝛾hA c)
𝑔
𝜋 2
𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟 = (9.81 × 0.82)(1.973) 1.5
𝑦 3 4
= 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒓 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟎𝟓 𝐤𝐍
4 9.81
𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟑 𝒎

1.5 b) 𝐹𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 = 𝛾hA

h=𝑦+ 2 𝜋 2
h = 1.223 + 0.75 𝐹𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 = (9.81 × 0.82)(0.75) 1.5
4
h = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟕𝟑 𝒎 𝑭𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 𝐤𝐍
Component Method Force Polygon Method

෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
From the Force Triangle,

𝑁𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑅𝐸𝐹
𝑚𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
𝑁= [Eq. 1] 𝑊
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝑚𝑎
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 𝑚𝑔

𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎 𝒂
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 =
𝑚𝑎 𝒈
𝑁 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 [Eq. 2]

Equate [Eq. 1] to [Eq. 2],

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑚𝑎
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑚𝑔

𝒂
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 =
𝒈
 EXAMPLE
An open trapezoidal tank having a bottom width of 3m is 2 m high, 1.5 m wide, and
has its sides inclined 60° with the horizontal. It is filled with water to a depth of 1.5 m.
If the tank is accelerated horizontally along its length at 4.5 𝑚/𝑠 2 , how much water is
spilled out?

0.5
4.5 𝑚/𝑠 2

1.5

60°

3m
 SOLUTION
𝑉𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 = 𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑉𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡

𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 1.5(𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝 )
1.5
3 + 3 + 2[ ]
tan 60
𝐴𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔 = (1.5)
2
𝐴𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔 = 5.8 𝑚2

𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 8.699 𝑚3
 SOLUTION
𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 8.699 𝑚3 2
𝑏 =3+2 𝑏 = 5.4 𝑚
Solve for 𝑉𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 tan 60

𝛾
3+𝑏 sin(𝛾+60) sin(60)
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝 =
2
(2) =
𝑏 𝑥 𝑥
𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝 = 8.31 𝑚2 𝑥 = 4.618 𝑚
sin(24.64)
𝑎 4.5 𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖 = 5.4 4.618
tan(𝛾) = = 2
𝑔 9.81

𝛾 = 24.64° 𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖 = 5.11 𝑚2

𝐴𝑙𝑖𝑞 = 𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝 −𝐴𝑡𝑟𝑖 = 3.2 𝑚2

𝑉𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 = 𝑉𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑉𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡
𝑉𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 = 1.5(3.2)
𝑉𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 = 8.699 − 4.8
𝑉𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 = 4.8 𝑚3
𝑉𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 = 3.9 𝑚3
INCLINED MOTION
Consider a mass of fluid being accelerated up an inclined α from horizontal. The forces
acting on the particle are the weight W = mg, inertia force or reverse effective force
REF = ma, and the normal force N which is the perpendicular reaction at the surface.
 EXAMPLE
A vessel containing oil is accelerated on a
plane inclined 15° with the horizontal at
1.2m/s². Determine the inclination of the
oil surface when the motion is:

(a) Upwards

(b) Downwards
 SOLUTION
𝑎ℎ
tan= When motion is upward:
𝑔±𝑎𝑣
1.159
ah=acosα tan=
9.81+(+0.31)
ah=1.2cos15° =6.533 °
ah=1.159m/s²
When motion is downward
av= asinα 1.159
tan=
av=1.2sin15° 9.81−(+0.31)
av=0.31m/s² =6.955 °
VERTICAL MOTION
• Consider a mass of fluid accelerated
upwards or downwards with an
acceleration of a as shown in the
Figure. The forces acting at a point h
below the liquid surface are the
weight of the liquid above the point,
ϫV, the inertia force, Ma, and the
pressure force F = pA, then,

Use (+) for upward motion and (-) for

downward motion.
Note: a is positive for acceleration and
negative for deceleration.
 EXAMPLE
An unbalanced vertical force of
270N upward accelerates a volume
of 0.044 m3 of water. If the water is
0.9m deep in a cylindrical tank,
what is the force in N acting on the
bottom of the tank?
Answer:
F=702 N
 EXAMPLE
A 1 x 1 x 1m tank is 50% filled
with oil (sp.gr.=0.82) and the
remaining is water. When it is
translated vertically upward at
5.10m/s2 , the pressure at he
bottom is:
Answer:
P=13.57 kPA