BET/ISOTHERMAL

(POROSIMETRY)
1. Luas Permukaan Spesifik
2. Ukuran Pori
3. Distribusi Pori
4. Volume Total Pori

Karna Wijaya
Kluster Material FMIPA UGM
 DASAR TEORI
Gas Adsorption

The gas adsorption technique may be used to measure

the specific surface area and pore size distribution of
powdered or solid materials. The dry sample is usually
evacuated of all gas and cooled to a temperature of 77K,
the temperature of liquid nitrogen. At this temperature
inert gases such as nitrogen, argon and krypton will
physically adsorb on the surface of the sample. This
adsorption process can be considered to be a reversible
condensation or layering of molecules on the sample
surface during which heat is evolved. Nitrogen gas is
ideal for measuring surface area and pore size
d i s t r i b u t i o n .
Adsorption Isotherm
An adsorption isotherm (one temperature) is usually
recorded as volume of gas adsorbed (cc/g @ STP)
versus relative pressure (i.e., sample pressure /
saturation vapor pressure). Using relative pressure to
construct the isotherm eliminates changes in pressure
from small changes in temperature. A small change in
temperature changes the saturation vapor pressure
considerably. For example, 0.1K increase in temperature
changes the saturation pressure of nitrogen from approx.
760 mm Hg to 800 mm Hg. The use of relative pressure
is convenient and is scaled from 0 to 1. A relative
pressure of 1 represents a completely saturated sample,
i.e., all of the available surface structure is filled with
l i q u i d - l i k e g a s .
Different Methods of Measurement There are
three instrument methods in common use today
for measuring adsorption isotherm data. These
volumetric methods use the "GAS LAWS" to
calculate the volume of gas adsorbed at
measured relative pressures and are known as
1) Static, (classic) fully equilibrated, 2)
Continuous Flow, or quasi-equilibrated, and
Dynamic or Chromatographic. Each have their
own advantages and disadvantages. Beckman
Coulter manufactures instruments which use the
s t a t i c m e t h o d .
• BET Surface Area Determination One or more data
points of the adsorption isotherm must be measured and
the BET (after Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) equation is
used to give specific surface area from this data. The
BET equation is used to give the volume of gas needed
to form a monolayer on the surface of the sample. The
actual surface area can be calculated from knowledge of
the size and number of the adsorbed gas molecules.

• Nitrogen is used most often to measure BET surface, but

if the surface area is very low, argon or krypton may be
used as both give a more sensitive measurement,
because of their lower saturation vapor pressures at
l i q u i d n i t r o g e n t e m p e r a t u r e .
 Persamaan BET yang lain
1 1 C 1 (P/Po)
W [( Po / P)  1]
= +

Wm.C Wm.C

W= berat gas yang teradsorpsi pada tekanan relatif

P/Po (g)
Wm = berat gas yang teradsorpsi pada lapis tunggal (g)
C = konstanta BET
Po = tekanan uap jenuh (atm)
P = tekanan gas (atm)
OUTPUT INSTRUMENT
 Tipe Adsorpsi

5 tipe isoterm adsorpsi, W adalah berat

nitrogen yang teradsorpsi dan P/Po
adalah tekanan relatif
Tipe I merupakan isoterm Lagmuir dengan penutupan satu
lapis (monolayer coverage) atau hanya beberapa lapis molekul
yang khas pada padatan mikropori.

Tipe II, adsorpsi terjadi bila frekuensi kontak antara adsorben

dengan adsorbat relatif tinggi. Adsorpsi tipe ini umumnya
terjadi pada padatan dengan diameter pori lebih besar dari
diameter mikropori. Hal ini sesuai dengan mekanisme isoterm
BET, yaitu diawali terjadinya adsorpsi satu lapis (monolayer)
kemudian dengan peningkatan tekanan relatif, lapisan kedua
dan seterusnya tertutupi secara merata sampai keadaan jenuh
tercapai.

Tipe III, terjadinya adsorpsi karena interaksi antara adsorbat

dan lapis adsorben lebih besar dibandingkan interaksi dengan
permukaan adsorben.

Tipe IV, adsorpsi terjadi pada adsorben yang memiliki jejari pori
antara 15 – 1000 Å,

tipe V adsorpsi terjadi bila interaksi yang dihasilkan dari

adsorben-adsorben sangat kecil. Hal ini terjadi
Contoh Hasil Analisis
Pola adsorpsi
 Distribusi Pori
9

8
Volume pori (mL/Angs/g e-03

0
0 50 100 150 200
Jari-jari pori (Angstrom)

pore volume Pore Radius

 Luas permukaan dan
Volume Total Pori
Sampel Luas Volume total
permukaan pori (x10-3
spesifik mL/g)
(m2/g)

Montmorillonit 69,71 50,70

TiO2-Montmorillonit 208,12 167,87