Prediction of strength of fly ash concrete

By
VIVEK KUMAR (2K15/STE/19)

Dept of Civil Engineering

 Need of early prediction

some error in mix design or mix preparation at site the test results may fail
to achieve the designed strength
Repetition of whole process can be costly and time consuming
As have to wait 28 dasy to find out

need for an easy and reliable method for estimating the final strength
 Prediction methods to be compared

Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Successfully employed in thermodynamics, flood and rainfall-runoff

prediction, ground water monitoring, prediction of settlement of
shallow foundation etc.

Multiple Linear Regression model (MLR)

Traditional method

A mathematical equation model

 Artificial Neural Network

aimed at representing the way the human brain works

can model, with a great accuracy, utilizing the data from a learning set

trying to simulate the learning process, which is followed by the human brain, so
they do not require certain mathematical functions, but examples in order to be
trained
 Artificial Neural Network

x1

x2
. .
y
. .
. .
. .
xn .
.

Input Layer Hidden Layer Output Layer

Comprised of network of artificial neurons/nodes

Each Artificial neuron receives a set of inputs. Each input is multiplied by weight
 Artificial Neural Network

x1

x2
. .
y
. .
. .
. .
xn .
.

Input Layer Hidden Layer Output Layer

if x1……xi……..xn, are the input values and w1……wij…..wnj are weight values,
then
netj= σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 𝑤𝑖𝑗 + 𝞍

Output from jth neuron can be expressed as

yj = g (netj)
g is activation function.
 Artificial Neural Network

3 activation functions

Sigmoid Function is most commonly used activation

function as it is continuous function and it has a very
simple derivative
Log-sigmoidal

Tan-sigmoidal

linear output neurons are used in output layer as it

can take on any value
Linear function
 Artificial Neural Network

Any difference between the output and expected values from the input
pattern is interpreted as an error in the system.

δ=dk-ak

Aim is to minimize the error Adjust connecting weights

Change in weights ∇Wjk=ηδxjk

η : Learning rate
user defined
find optimum value
controls how quickly or slowly network converges
varies 0-1
 Artificial Neural Network

Collection and preparation of data

Network creation
 To find best activation function
 To find optimum hidden neuron number
 To find optimum learning rate

Training network

No Are performance and regression plots acceptable?

Yes

Simulate/Use the network

 Artificial Neural Network

Collection and preparation of data 149 concrete samples

were collected

Network creation
78 networks were
 To find best activation function
developed
 To find optimum hidden neuron number
 To find optimum learning rate

Training network

No Are performance and regression plots acceptable? RMSE and R2 were used

Yes

Experimental/lab test were done

Simulate/Use the network for validation
Artificial Neural Network
 Artificial Neural Network

149 samples from 19 previous researches were collected

70 % used for training
15% used for validation
15 % used for testing

Input Parameters Range 2 models were constructed

w/b 0.4-0.66
(1) Using 3 inputs- w/c, cement and
water
cement 55-600 (2) Using all input parameters
Fly ash % 0-85

Water (kg/m3) 103-204

Coarse aggregate Water (kg/m3)

775-1277

Fine aggregate Water (kg/m3)

491-937
 Artificial Neural Network
Different network structures were experimented by varying the number of neurons in the hidden
layer, transfer function (LOGSIG and TANSIG) and learning rate.
 Artificial Neural Network
Number of Input=3

7.5

7
RMSE

6.5

5.5

5
0 20 40 60 80 100 Tan-sigmoidal function with 20 number
Hidden Neuron Number
of hidden neurons with RMSE=5.611
9.5
9
8.5
8
7.5
RMSE

7
6.5
6
5.5
5
0 20 40 60 80 100
hidden neuron number
 Artificial Neural Network
Number of Input=6
8.5
8
7.5
7
6.5
RMSE

6
5.5
5
4.5
4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Tan-sigmoidal function with 20 number
18
Hidden neuron number
of hidden neurons with RMSE=4.6829
16
14
12
10
RMSE

8
6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
hidden neuron number
 Artificial Neural Network
Number of Input=6
8.5
8
7.5
7
6.5
RMSE

6
5.5
5
4.5
4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Tan-sigmoidal function with 20 number
18
Hidden neuron number
of hidden neurons with RMSE=4.6829
16
14
12
10
RMSE

8
6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
hidden neuron number
 Artificial Neural Network

Number of Input=3 η=0.5

Number of Input=6 η=0.6

 Artificial Neural Network
Regression plot
LAB RESULT

6 SAMPLES were made of M40 and M45 mix

design with varying % of flyash as binder
 LAB RESULT

Cement coarse
(kg/m3) flyash aggregate(kg/m3) experimental strength
w/c % Water fine aggregate(kg/m3) (Mpa)

mix 1 0.45 350 0 158 1054 896 43.7

mix 2 0.45 280 20 158 1038 881 37.7

mix 3 0.45 245 30 158 1030 876 34

mix 4 0.4 400 0 160 1064 833 46.5

mix 5 0.4 320 20 160 1048 819 41.2

mix 6 0.4 280 30 160 1038 813 37.9

 LAB RESULT

55
53 R² = 0.781 60
51 R² = 0.9457
49 55
47
50
45
43
41 Max. variation =24% 45

39 Max. variation =20%

40
37
35 35
35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49
Number of input=3 Number of Input=6

60

55

50
experimental strength
45 with 3 input
with 6 input
40

35

30
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
THANK YOU