CHAPTER 7

PLANNING
AND
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
MELVIN P. CARUMBA
Presenter
Corporate planning
- is considered the context of project
management: its proper understanding
will make interlocking relationships
clearer when we focus on projects.
Project
Program
plan
- These three concepts can be processes
and/or outputs at given moments in time.
Plan a plan,
Program a plan,
Projecticize a program.
Planning
As a process
- is continuous and never ending.
* The results of planning which can be in
a form of another plan, a program, or a
project are interim and tentative in the
sense that these results always require
constant updating.
 Table 8. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLANNING OUTPUTS
Planning Broad Operational Span of Time
result or Definition Government Private or
Output Sector Business
Sector
1. A plan Long-term, strategic 10-25 years 5 -10 years
decisions for future action
consisting of cluster
programs
2. A Intermediate, tactical 5 to 10 years 3 to 5 years
program decisions consisting of
cluster of projects
3. A project Intermediate, operational, 1 to 3 or 3 to 1 to 2 years
decisions of given 5 years
schedule, budget, and
objectives consisting of
cluster of tasks.
4. A task or Short-term decisions 6 to 18 3 to 12
Activity which with other tasks or months months
activities
make up a project.
*10 year and 25-year plans
being long range plans have received
a negative and persistent criticism
of being “wasteful”
“ivory-tailored” and
“impractical”
The pendulum now swings in favor
of concrete, time-bound programs and
projects which are more easily measurable.

*But still, there are also the good and the

bad of short term plans.
PLAN - is a total, comprehensive, long range
effort to attain a set of goals by deciding
upon one or a mix of alternative strategies.

PROGRAM is an intermediate activity which

break down the strategic decisions in
a plan into different components or
projects which are tactical or short
term in nature.
PROJECT is a specific and complex effort
made up of interrelated tasks
performed by various functional units
or specialists, with a well defined
objective, schedule and budget.

TASK is a short term effort performed by one

functional unit or specialist which when
combined with other tasks, make up a
project.
Simplified meanings:

A PLAN is a cluster of programs

A PROGRAM is a cluster of projects
A PROJECT is a cluster of activities
As a process:
You must plan a plan.
You must plan a program.
You must plan a project.
Just as you must plan a task or
activity.
EDUC’L PLAN OF PH
Upgrading the quality of education is an
objective. This has to be achieved by:
* increasing number of extension classes
* improving physical plant and facilities
* revising the curriculum
* updating and producing textbooks and
other IM’s
* providing pr-eservice and in-service
training of teachers
* establishing a machinery for
evaluation
 MANAGEMENT MISTAKES
1. SHORT ATTENTION SPAN
the executive pays attention just for a short
while, then turns around and forgets about
it completely. Too much politics.
2. WRONG EMPHASIS
i.e. politician’s smile, not the genuine
attitude, and Filipinos are quick to spot the
hypocrite and the actor from the genuine
article
3. RIGOR MORTIS
If there are too many procedures, rules,
controls, fear of mistake, then the faculty
and staff will not move or do anything and
things just float along.
HISTORY OF EDUCAT’L
PLANNING IN PH
Professional Educational Planning
in the Philippines began at University of
Santo Tomas;

where Ernesto Franco laid

out largely a matter of financial statements
and budgets, short and generalized
Statement of programs, and education
essays or papers.
NOTES IN MAKING DECIONS AND SOLVING
PROBLEMS

*Planning plus experienced judgment, gut

feeling and sense of timing- all help in solving
problems and making decisions.

Franco reminds that planning does

not contribute to solving problems when
planning or the planning officer has failed
to fix responsibility and authority.
 NOTES IN MAKING DECIONS AND
SOLVING PROBLEMS

FRANCO adds that lack of data or

information is another cause leading to
unclear definition of issues and
problems. So, alternative solutions are
not presented and the school principal
will then turn to their traditional planning
tool: MONEY OR BUDGET as basis for
making decisions.
 on July 18, 1974 the Rector of UST issued
to all Deans, principals this suggested
5 year planning format.

SUMMARY OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction and background
II. Situational Analysis
III. Manpower Analysis
IV. 5 –year academic development plan
V. Controls, Evaluation and Recycling
Process