Gerund

Created by : Rubiatna Hardja,S.S.,M.M

 Characteristic & Definition
• A gerund is a VERBAL (V) that ends in -ing
• Functioned as a NOUN (N)
• It occupies some positions in a sentence that a
noun ordinarily would, for example: Subject,
Object, Subject complement, and
Object of preposition.
 Functions :
1) As a SUBJECT (S)
* Thinking about you will be my
Ciri : S
- Berada di awal kalimat Pleasure
- Menjawab pertanyaan “Apa”
* Your singing is very beautiful.
S
Examples:
* Swimming is my hobby
*Playing game can be interesting.
S
S
* Traveling might be fun
S
*Loving your mother and Respecting her
* Smoking costs a lot of money.
S
S S
are the key of having longevity
2) As an OBJECT (O)
Ciri :
-  Berada di Belakang Verb/To Be (V)

Examples:
• Mr.Rubi enjoys teaching adolescences
O
• Mr.Rubi finished his teaching at 11.00 A.M
O
• They do not appreciate my singing
O
• He admitted loving me so much
O
* Ireland doesn't allow smoking in bars.
O
 Beberapa Verbs yang diikuti oleh GERUND :

Con : CONsider D : Deny

De : DEtest A : Appreciate
R : Risk D : Delay
E : Enjoy A : Admit
S : reSent
E : Escape P : Practice
A : Avoid
Nempel: CoNtEMPLate P : Postpone
Q : Quit I : Imagine
A : Acknowledge
Re : Regret
Fi : Finish
An : Fancy
 Beberapa Verbs yang diikuti oleh GERUND :

Daftar Kata Kerja Diikuti Gerund

acknowledge delay get through resent
admit deny give up resist
advise detest have resume
anticipate discontinue imagine risk
appreciate dislike mind spend (time)
avoid dispute miss suggest
can't help endure permit tolerate
celebrate enjoy postpone understand
complete escape practice urge
confess excuse quit waste (time)
consider finish recall
defend forbid report
1. Consider =Mempertimbangkan
• I consider stopping this relationship because
you betray me
2. Detest =Membenci
• I detest gambling with awry situation
3. Risk =Membahayakan
• I risk my self saving you
4. Enjoy =Menikmati
• I enjoy drinking coffee in the morning
5. Resent =Membenci
• He never resent people hurting his heart
6. Escape =Melarikan diri/Mengelak
• He escaped from this tiring activities
7. Contemplate = Merenungkan
• I contemplate his good treating to me
8. Quit =Menghentikan
• I have to quit doing sins after Eid Mubarak
9. Acknowledge = Mengakui
* I acknowledge that loving someone is difficult
10. Deny =Menolak
• I don’t deny stealing your wallet
11. Appreciate = Menghargai
• I don’t appreciate your giving without genuine
heart
12. Delay =Menunda
* The airport delay flying this afternoon because
of bad weather
13. Admit = Mengakui
• He admitted loving me with all of his heart
14. Practice =Melatih
• We must practice forgiving other to get
happy life
15. Avoid = Menghindari
• I have to avoid eating sweets because of
diabetes’ problem
16. Postpone =Menunda
• They should postpone going to US because
of that accident
17. Imagine =Membayangkan
• I always imagine that travelling to U.S will
18. Regret =Menyesali
• I really regret telling you a big
lie
19. Finish =Menyelesaikan
• You finish cooking the
vegetables an hour ago
20. Fancy =Menghayal
• I fancy having you as my
girlfriend
3. As noun modifier

Ciri :
- Melengkapi/Menjelaskan Noun sebelum/setelahnya

Examples :
Cleaning service is important to keep the office clean

Smoking room is available at the corner

4. Partner of preposition

Ciri :
- Berada di belakang preposition:

about beneath from outside until

above beside in over up
across between inside past upon
after beyond into since with
against but like through within
along by near throughout without
among despite of till
around down of to
at during on toward
before except onto under
behind for out underneath
below
Examples :
- I’m proud of having you as my girlfriend
- I’m always wondered about having married
with unexpected person
- He looked sad since leaving his girlfriend
- I like going to fitness centre beside swimming
at swimming pool
 To infinitive

SMK Farmasi Wirasaba

Jl. R. Ali Muhtar No 34 Karawang 41313

Created by : Rubiatna Hardja,S.S.,M.M XI B

 Functions :
1) As a SUBJECT (S)
Ciri :
• To get up in the morning is
- Berada di awal kalimat
very healthy.
- Menjawab pertanyaan “Apa”
Examples: • To make you love me is not
• To play kites when it’s very easy.
cloudy is very dangerous.
• To study the grammar is a
must if you want to improve
your English.
• To play football when
drizzling is very joyful.
2) As an OBJECT (O)
Ciri :
-  Berada di Belakang Verb/To Be (V)

Examples:
• My kids start to study
• I love to write
• It began to rain
• He promise to forget everything about me.
• Our government decided to lower the gasoline price
• My dad agree to stay with me for a week
 Beberapa Verbs yang diikuti oleh TO INFINITIVE :
Daftar Kata Kerja Diikuti To Infinitive

agree decide leave refuse

aim deserve like remember
appear detest long say
arrange dislike love shoot
ask expect mean start
attempt fail manage stop
be able forget neglect strive
beg get offer swear
begin happen ought threaten
care have plan try
choose hesitate prefer use
condescend hope prepare wait
consent hurry proceed want
continue intend promise wish
dare leap propose yearn
3) Followed by adjective
Ciri :
-  Berada di Belakang Adjective / Kata Sifat

Examples:
• I’m afraid to face tomorrow
• I was amazed to see you on TV
• I’m disappointed to take that decision.
• I was surprised to hear you at hospital
• I’m certain to choose you as my wife
• I’m proud to have you as my son.
 Perasaan Pendapat

afraid
amazed
bound
certain
disappointed
excited difficult
glad easy
sad hard
happy impossible
anxious possible
pleased right
sad Wrong
shocked
surprised
proud
unhappy
Upset