COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

ISSUES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT It is a logical “bottom-up”
PLANNING ISSUES
IN THE PHILIPPINES evolution of regional, city and
urban planning in an era of
plateaued of diminishing public
resources, increasing local
WHAT IS COMMUNITY burdens and responsibilities and
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING public activism.
 Fundamentally, development is the creation of
wealth – wealth
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT meaning the things people value. It involves
PLANNING ISSUES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
ongoing economic, social and environmental
improvement - sustaining a desirable
environment; having a vital social system that
fosters collaboration, equity and freedom; and
a vital economy that is diverse, competitive
and Accessible. Development increases
WHAT MAKES COMMUNITY choices, sustains positive attitudes, improves the
DEVELOPMENT HAPPEN? function of institutions and enhances
quality-of-life.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
ISSUES
 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNITIES HAVE ISSUE, JUST LIKE PLANNING ISSUES
PEOPLE IN THE PHILIPPINES

Two more basic facts

• Communities, like people, try to solve
their problems
• And analyzing those problem helps in
their solution WHAT ARE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
LAND USE PLANNING

SECTORAL PLANNING

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
MANAGEMENT PLANNING ISSUES
SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES

POLITICAL
INTERFERENCE

RIVALLING
MANDATES WHAT ARE COMMUNITY
ISSUES
LIMITED CAPACITY OF
LOCAL GOVERNMENT

TEXTURE CONFLICT
LAND USE PLANNING

SECTORAL PLANNING

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

POLITICAL
INTERFERENCE

RIVALLING
MANDATES

LIMITED CAPACITY OF
LOCAL GOVERNMENT

TEXTURE CONFLICT
 LAND USE PLANNING
SECTORAL PLANNING
is the process of identifying
MANAGEMENT zones of regulated land use. It
SYSTEM usually comprises a status quo
POLITICAL assessment of the current
INTERFERENCE status of land use, and the
RIVALLING setting of priorities for future
MANDATES spatial development and
LIMITED CAPACITY OF implementation.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT

TENURE CONFLICT
LAND USE PLANNING SECTORAL PLANNING

MANAGEMENT is pursued on topics of

SYSTEM
limited scope in various
POLITICAL thematic fields by sectoral
INTERFERENCE
agencies. Infrastructure
RIVALLING planning or water
MANDATES
treatment are examples.
LIMITED CAPACITY OF
LOCAL GOVERNMENT

TENURE CONFLICT
LAND USE PLANNING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
SECTORAL PLANNING

is the process of assessing an

organization’s goals and
POLITICAL
INTERFERENCE creating a realistic, detailed
plan of action for meeting
RIVALLING
MANDATES those goals.
LIMITED CAPACITY OF
LOCAL GOVERNMENT

TENURE CONFLICT
LAND USE PLANNING POLITICAL
INTERFERENCE
SECTORAL PLANNING

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Politics and
administration are closely
related but distinct from
RIVALLING each other.
MANDATES

LIMITED CAPACITY OF
LOCAL GOVERNMENT

TENURE CONFLICT
LAND USE PLANNING RIVALLING MANDATES
SECTORAL PLANNING

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM Interfering official order
POLITICAL or commission to do
INTERFERENCE
something.

LIMITED CAPACITY OF
LOCAL GOVERNMENT

TENURE CONFLICT
LAND USE PLANNING
LIMITED CAPACITY OF
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
SECTORAL PLANNING

MANAGEMENT In terms of technical

SYSTEM
capability of a Local
POLITICAL
INTERFERENCE Government.
RIVALLING
MANDATES

TENURE CONFLICT
LAND USE PLANNING TENURE CONFLICT
SECTORAL PLANNING

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

POLITICAL
INTERFERENCE CUSTOMARY GOVERMENT ENTREPRENEUR

RIVALLING
MANDATES

LIMITED CAPACITY OF
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
CHALLENGES
In expanding community development planning,
community face five major challenges.
These provide the basis for the following discussion

THE CHALLENGE
OF VALUES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING ISSUES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
THE CHALLENGE
OF CONFIDENCE

THE CHALLENGE
OF PERCEPTION

CHALLENGES IN COMMUNITY
THE CHALLENGE
OF PARTICIPATION DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

CHALLENGES FOR
GOVERMENT
 THE CHALLENGE
OF VALUES
THE CHALLENGE
OF CONFIDENCE Community development is fundamentally
based on values. Development – whether it
THE CHALLENGE focuses on infrastructure, business
OF PERCEPTION
expansion or the environment - will only be
THE CHALLENGE
an improvement if it is consistent with the
OF PARTICIPATION values of the community.

CHALLENGES FOR
GOVERMENT
THE CHALLENGE THE CHALLENGE
OF VALUES OF CONFIDENCE

The difficulties many communities have in taking or

maintaining action is not necessarily due to lack of
THE CHALLENGE venture capital, poor access to funding, or limits to
OF PERCEPTION community engagement. More importantly, difficulties
exist because individually, or as communities, people
THE CHALLENGE struggle to discern a clear direction for action and lack
OF PARTICIPATION the confidence to act.

CHALLENGES FOR
GOVERMENT
THE CHALLENGE THE CHALLENGE
OF VALUES
OF PERCEPTION
Community development agencies need to interact with
THE CHALLENGE communities in a way that helps local people recognize
OF CONFIDENCE local perceptions and beliefs.

Four components to the inertia that communities must

overcome to take positive action.

THE CHALLENGE · They can’t change an issue because it is outside their

OF PARTICIPATION sphere of influence, or because they don’t have the
resources or assistance to be effective,
· They don’t want to change,
CHALLENGES FOR
· They don’t know how to change (lack of direction,
GOVERMENT organization or expertise),
· They think they can’t change.
THE CHALLENGE THE CHALLENGE
OF VALUES
OF PARTICIPATION
THE CHALLENGE
OF CONFIDENCE
A more complete rural and regional
development agenda needs to firstly
THE CHALLENGE
OF PERCEPTION embrace new forms of community
involvement, such as coalitions, temporary
commitments, and networks of existing
community groups.
CHALLENGES FOR
GOVERMENT
THE CHALLENGE CHALLENGES FOR
OF VALUES
GOVERMENT
THE CHALLENGE
OF CONFIDENCE
Government agencies have
THE CHALLENGE
traditionally seen their contribution to
OF PERCEPTION community development as the
delivery of services, support for
THE CHALLENGE infrastructure, and policy
OF PARTICIPATION
adjustments.
THE “WH” QUESTION OF COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ISSUES
When identifying community problems:
 The problem occurs too frequently
(frequency)
 The problem has lasted for a while (duration) COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING ISSUES
 The problem affects many people (scope, or IN THE PHILIPPINES
range)
 The problem is disrupting to personal or
community life, and possibly intense
(severity)
 The problem deprives people of legal or
moral rights (equity) COMMUNITY PROBLEMS
 The issue is perceived as a problem IDENTIFICATION
(perception) – important one: help indicate
readiness for addressing the issue within the
community.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING ISSUES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
WHAT IS ANALIZING
COMMUNITY ISSUE ALL
ABOUT?
 Way of thinking carefully about a
problem or issue before acting on
solution.
 Involves identifying reasons a
problem exist, and then identifying
possible solutions and plan for
improvement.
 This requires simple logic, and
sometimes the collection of
evidence.
• To better identify what the
problem or issue is. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
• To understand what is at the PLANNING ISSUES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
heart of the problem
• To determine the barriers and
resources associated with
addressing the problem
• To develop the best action WHY SHOULD I ANALYZE A
steps for addressing the COMMUNITY ISSUES?
problem

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING ISSUES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
WHEN SHOULD I ANALYZE A
COMMUNITY ISSUE?
 When the community problem is not defined
very clear
 When little is known about the community
problem, or its possible consequences
 When you want to find causes that may
improve the chance of successfully
addressing the problem
 When people are jumping to solutions much
too soon
 When you need to identify actions to
address the problem, and find collaborative
partners for taking actions
1. Justify the choice of the problem.
2. Frame the problem
3. Analyze the root cause of the problem
4. Identify the restraining and driving forces that COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
affect the problem PLANNING ISSUES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
5. Find any relationships that exist among the
problem you’re concerned with and others in the
community
6. Identify personal factors that may contribute to the
problem
7. Identify environmental factors that may contribute
to the problem How should I analyze a
8. Identify targets and agents of change for
addressing the problem community issue?
PHILIPPINE URBAN COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS ISSUES AND
DIRECTIONS
COMPETITIVENESS AND EMPLOYMENT PHILIPPINE URBAN
CREATION. COMMUNITY
Creating enough jobs, especially in DEVELOPMENT
urban areas where population is PROBLEMS ISSUES
growing fastest, is the single most AND DIRECTIONS
important task that needs to be
accomplished in order to significantly
improve the quality of life of Filipinos.
PHILIPPINE URBAN URBAN POVERTY
COMMUNITY Poverty rates in urban areas
DEVELOPMENT are typically well below those in
PROBLEMS ISSUES
AND DIRECTIONS rural areas, consistent with the
fact that productivity and
incomes are generally much
higher in urban areas.
URBAN GOVERNANCE AND
MANAGEMENT. PHILIPPINE URBAN
The fact that decentralization, which COMMUNITY
empowered LGUs, took place earlier DEVELOPMENT
than most of its neighbors is a PROBLEMS ISSUES
competitive strength of the country’s AND DIRECTIONS
urban system. However, much of this
strength is negated by strong
countervailing forces that need to be
addressed.
 REGIONAL AND METROPOLITAN SCALE
INFRASTRUCTURE.
Beyond individual LGUs, there is a crisis in
PHILIPPINE URBAN
COMMUNITY
governance of larger urban-regional scale
DEVELOPMENT infrastructure networks which require inter-
PROBLEMS ISSUES jurisdictional coordination and
AND DIRECTIONS collaborations. Many government functions
like:
Regional transportation
Solid waste
Economic development planning and
promotion
PHILIPPINE URBAN COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS ISSUES AND
DIRECTIONS
RECOMMENDED SOLUTION
 • Setting up performance standards and independent
monitoring and ratings systems that permit
PHILIPPINE URBAN
COMMUNITY
• Fostering new forms of institutional management to govern
DEVELOPMENT the metropolitan regions and ensure much better inter
PROBLEMS ISSUES jurisdictional cooperation.
AND DIRECTIONS • Revitalize and scale up national programs to upgrade and
regularize slums,
RECOMMENDED
• Reforming local government financing and Reform land
SOLUTIONS administration and property registration

• Institutionalizing
PHILIPPINE RURAL COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS ISSUES AND
DIRECTIONS
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PHILIPPINE RURAL
Is about improving the well-being of every
individual in society so they can reach their full COMMUNITY
potential. The success of society is linked to the well- DEVELOPMENT
being of each and every citizen means investing in PROBLEMS ISSUES
people. It requires the removal of barriers so that all
citizens can journey toward their dreams with AND DIRECTIONS
confidence and dignity. It is about refusing to
accept that people who live in poverty will always
be poor. It is about helping people so they can
move forward on their path to self-sufficiency.
 Economic Development
Can be defined as those activities that lead to more
productive use of resources and provide more
opportunities for producers and consumers.
PHILIPPINE RURAL
Examples of Issues in the Philippines in Community
COMMUNITY Development
DEVELOPMENT • Low income and employment
PROBLEMS ISSUES • They emerge in several aspects: problems with the labor
force, low labor productivity, lower prices of agricultural
AND DIRECTIONS products.
• Typical feature of the rural areas is the surplus of labor
force due to fewer jobs that are opened.
• Most new jobs are for unskilled workers, so the wages
and nature of the work are unattractive.
• Workers with higher qualification migrates to the cities.
• In rural areas remains peoples mostly in retirement age.
PHILIPPINE RURAL COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS ISSUES AND
DIRECTIONS
RECOMMENDED SOLUTION
 • These problems can be solved by creating
PHILIPPINE RURAL
more employment opportunities and extra
COMMUNITY
income for the people of these regions.
DEVELOPMENT
• In rural areas there is also low labor
PROBLEMS ISSUES
productivity, which may be increased by
AND DIRECTIONS
introducing more modern technology,
upgrading skills of workers, providing better
RECOMMENDED
working conditions.
SOLUTIONS
 WITH YOUR ANALYSIS COMPLETE, YOU CAN DEVELOP A
STRATEGIC PLAN THAT SPEAKS TO THE REAL CAUSES OF THE
PROBLEM AND FOCUSES ON THOSE TARGETS AND/OR AGENTS
OF CHANGE THAT ARE MOST LIKELY TO CONTRIBUTE TO
IMPROVING THE SITUATION.

END