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Control
PURE AIR
78.1% N2
20.9% O2
0.9% Ar
0.04% CO2
0.002% Ne
0.0005% He
METEOROLOGY OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
0.1% air
little mixing
well-mixed
80% air
4 Strata based on Temp Profile
METEOROLOGY OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
global wind patterns - differential warming
and cooling of eart as it rotates (sun)
local winds - differential temperatures
between land and water masses
ex: sea breeze
-progressive warming
of the land during a
sunny day
METEOROLOGY OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
very
stable air stability -
measure of
verticar air
movement
unstable
night time
METEOROLOGY OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
• serious air pollutions accompanied by
inversions
fog “tiny droplets of water”
-converts SO3 to H2SO4; screens the sunlight
METEOROLOGY OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
• EXAMPLE
AIR POLLUTANTS
CHARACTERIZATION
• Particulates - includes dusts, fumes, mists,
smoke, spray
AIR POLLUTANTS
CHARACTERIZATION
Dust
entrained by gases
directly from material
handled/procesed
direct offspring of a
parent material
undergoing a mechanical cement dust 100 µm
operation
entrained materials used
in mechanical operation
(sandblasting)
AIR POLLUTANTS
CHARACTERIZATION
• fume, 0.03 - 0.3 µm
frequently metallic oxides formed by
condensation of vapors by sublimation,
distillation, calcination
AIR POLLUTANTS
CHARACTERIZATION
• mist, 0.5 - 0.3 µm
entrained liquid
particle formed by
condensation of
vapors or chemical
reaction
Gaseous pollutants
AIR POLLUTANTS
CHARACTERIZATION
Gas Measurement Techniques
• Wet chemistry method – use of a bubbler and wet
chemical techniques
Gaseous pollutants
AIR POLLUTANTS
CHARACTERIZATION
Gas Measurement Techniques
• Colorimetric (pararosaniline) method – measurement of
absorbance
Gaseous pollutants
AIR POLLUTANTS
CHARACTERIZATION
Gas Measurement Techniques
• Emerging techniques
Gaseous pollutants
AIR POLLUTANTS
CHARACTERIZATION
Gas Measurement Techniques
Emerging techniques
Chemiluminescence Technique
-pollutant reacted with a specific reactant (in large excess)
the product molecules formed would be at a higher state of
excitation and subsequently release light (energy)
-intensity of the emitted light would be directly proportional
to the concentration of the pollutant
Gaseous pollutants
AIR POLLUTANTS
CHARACTERIZATION
Gas Measurement Techniques
Emerging techniques
Conductometric Technique
-change in conductivity of the sample (when absorbed in a
suitable liquid) would be proportional to the concentration of
the pollutant
Coulometric Technique
-reacting the gaseous sample with an KI or KBr solution in
an electrolytic cell
-current proportional to oxidants present
Electrochemical Technique
-consist of a semi-permeable membrane, an electrolyte film, a
sensing electrode and a reference electrode immersed in the
electrolyte; voltage difference
Gaseous pollutants
HOMEWORK#1 02/20/2019
• ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
1. The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
(RA8479) – salient features and agency
mandates
2. DAO 2013-26 – AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES
3. IRR – REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8749 – AT
LEAST 10 SENTENCES
4. MONTREAL PROTOCOL
CHARACTERIZATION OF AIR
POLLUTION EMISSIONS
QUIZ
2. People-made sources
Stationary combustion processes – oil and coal
combustion
Industrial process
Solid waste disposal – backyard burning, incinerators,
landfills
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
• HOMEWORK #2
1. Enumerate and discuss the 4 most
difficult problems encountered relating air
pollution to health.
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
• Air Pollution to Health correlation
threshold - dose response curves mostly
non-linear, some unknown
total body burden - account for other
intake sources (food, water); e.g., Pb
time vs dosage - max allowable
concentrations for a given time
synergism - collective effect; e.g., black
lung disease (coal mining + cigarette smoking)
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
• HOMEWORK
SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTANTS
0.1 µm
Particulates
H2SO4 droplets
Pb particles
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
• SO2
-Irritant, restricts air flow, slows action of cilia
Highly soluble mucous membrane
(adsorption to tiny particles)
Deep lung
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
• SOx, NOx, Acid Rain
fuels
High-T combustion
Aquatic effect
Pollution across political
boundaries (USA, Brit)
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
• Photochemical smog
Primary pollutants
Secondary pollutants
Polar vortex
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
Global Warming
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
Global Warming
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
Homework #3: Read and discuss Gaia hypothesis
in at least 5 sentences.
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
Indoor Air quality – a ventilation factor
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
Indoor Air quality – a ventilation factor
Lung
cancer
Po, Pb, Bi
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
Indoor Air quality – a ventilation factor
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
Indoor Air quality – a ventilation factor
SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
Indoor Air quality – a ventilation factor
Reading Assignment
• Homework#4: CONTROL OF AIR
POLLUTANTS (Intro to Envi Engg,
Vesilind, et.al p.455-475)
• For 02/25-03/01/2019
• problems to follow