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Civil Engineering
Roads
• Sub Grade
• Sub Base Wearing Course
• Base
• Surface Surface Course
Base Course
Course Sub Base Course
Subgrade
Functions of each layer are
described as below:
• Sub-Grade : The load is transferred by the sub-grade effectively to the
earth mass. However the locally available earth is used to construct the
sub-grade but it becomes necessary that the sub-grade should be of
required strength.
• Sub-base and base course: Base course and sub-base course is used in
the flexible pavement to disperse the upcoming loads to large area through
a finite thickness, so as to increase the load bearing capacity of the
pavement. The material used are the broken stones, or gravels, or bound or
unbound aggregates.
• Wearing course:
• The top most layer serves as the smooth riding surface for the traffic, and it
wears all the abrading forces. The top most layer is constructed with the
superior quality of aggregates because it has to wear the maximum intensity
of loads. It has to be water proof to stop the water penetration to the lower
layers, so in case of flexible pavements the bituminous concrete is used and
it is well compacted, and in rigid pavements the cement concrete is used
and is well compacted so that no water penetration takes place.
India Roads Congress (IRC)
The second World War saw a rapid growth in road traffic and this
led to the deterioration in the condition of roads. To discuss about
improving the condition of roads, the government convened a
conference of chief engineers of provinces at Nagpur in 1943. The
result of the conference is famous as the Nagpur plan.