Field Training Program on FTTH

1 Introduction to FTTH, PON Technologies

2 FTTH Link Design Aspects

3 FTTH Tariffs and Plans

4 Operation through LCO & Need for LCO

5 Effective Marketing of FTTH

6 Feedback & Discussions

Optical Fibre Communication
Invisible LASER is sent through the glass fibre

The LASER power is only in the range of 0dBm (1milli

Watt) and is not harmful even when viewed using
naked eye.
OFC Cable
 Advantages of Optical Fibres
• Optical Fibers are non conductive (Made of Glass)

• Electromagnetic Immunity (Suitable for lightning prone

areas and near power lines)
• Exposure to moisture does not affect the data transmission

• Infinite Bandwidth

• Longer distances

• Chance of Theft is low as resale value for glass is less.

FTTH or Fibre To The Home
aims to fully utilise the benefits
of Optical Fibre Cable by
extending it, right upto the
customers WIFI Router or
similar network equipment
 OLT Splitter ONT
PON Architecture

 Our FTTH network consists of Optical Line Terminal

(OLT) and Optical Network Terminal/Unit (ONT/ONU),
and Passive Optical Splitters (POS)
 The term Passive Optical Network is used because
there is no power supply needed in the distribution
network as it contains passive splitters and fibre.
FTTH Connection Diagram
ONT
similar to
ONT BB Modem
Splitter may be at Customer
installed at Flat premises
or Post similar
to DP Box ONT

OFC Cable similar

OLT to primary cable. Splitter
Mostly underground Customers
12F to 288F ONT
(existing)

OLT is
similar to
DSLAM it is
ONT
working at
Exchange
 FTTH PON Advantage
 High Speed, up to 2.5 Gbps in a fibre (OLT Port)

 Upto 32/64/128 customers in a single fibre. (Limited to 32

in case of BSNL OLTs), 320 to 640 customers per OLT.

 Symmetrical speeds (Suitable for video transmission like

SKYPE or surveillance camera)

 Upto 1000 Mbps per customer

 Two phone numbers for voice using same ONT

 FTTH PON Advantage-Cont’d
 Multiple broadband connections using same ONT

 Covers long distance, upto 20 kms

 Since Splitters do not need power they can be placed any

where between XGE(OLT) and House(ONT)

 All BSNL services (Internet Leased Line, Point to Point

Leased Line, MPLS VPN) except ISDN PRI possible.
 OLT
 Each OLT has multiple PON ports. In BSNL OLTs,
this varies from 10 to 20. OLTs with around 4 ports
are used by LCOs. (Local Cable Operators)

 Optical power output from each OLT port is split

and sent to multiple customer ONTs using
Splitters.
 Single Fiber Per Customer
PON uses Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
Technology to transmit and receive over a single fibre.
– Downstream Wavelength: 1490nm.
– Upstream Wavelength: 1310nm

Works upto 20KM distance between OLT and ONT.

Can go upto 60KMs if no splitters are used, ie only a single customer
connected to a port.
BSNL Exchange

OLT

ONT
 OLT-Cont’D
 BSNL OLTs allow 32 customers(ONTs) per port***.
Others OLTs allow 64 to 128 customers per port.

 So maximum 320 to 640 customers can be served

from each BSNL OLT.

 BSNL OLTs installed at our exchanges while LCO’s

OLTs installed at their premises

 *** Limited by NOC as per OLT purchase conditions.

 Two OLT Types

PON Down Stream

. ONT
PON Up Stream
OLT
1. GPON Technology Gigabit Passive Optical Network
(Each port 2.5 Gbps Downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream)
.
Vendor : Alphion. OLT & ONT: Alphion
Vendor : Sterlite. OLT & ONT: Huawei
2. GEPON/EPON Technology Gigabit Ethernet/Ethernet PON
(Each port 1.25 Gbps in both directions)
Vendor: ICOM OLT & ONT : UTStarcom
OLT Vendors Business Area Wise
Alphion ICOM (UTStarcom) Sterlite (Huawei)
Eranakulam(41) Thiruvananthapuram(5) Malappuram(1)
Pathanamthitta (2) Kozhikode(3) Kannur(1)
Kottayam(3) Thrissur(7) Alappuzha
Alappuzha(2) Kannur(3) Palakkad(1)
Kollam(2) Alappuzha
Palakkad(2) Palakkad(1)
Malappuram(3)

EKM has highest number of OLTs around 41. Other

BAs have OLTs ranging from 1 to 7. Total 74.
Splitters- Single Input and Multiple Outputs

Regional Telecom Training centre,Trivandrum

 Splitters
 Used to split optical power from a single fibre from the OLT
port to multiple customers

 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 etc supplied by vendors as part of

equipment.

 More splits means more customers per port.

 But higher splits causes higher power loss and hence the
distance that can be covered decreases.

 Splitters can be cascaded ie Output of a splitter can be

connected to input of another splitter.
• The ONT (also called the modem) is installed at customers house. It connects to
the Termination Point (TP) with an optical fibre cable, and connects to your router
via an LAN / Ethernet cable. It translates light signals from the fibre optic line into
electronic signals that your router can read.
ONT
Connectors
 Patchchords having SC (Square/ Subscriber)
Connector at both ends are used to connect Splitter
and ONT.
 ONT –Continued
 BSNL ONTs have 4 Fast Ethernet Ports (upto 100Mbps)
and two RJ11 (Landphone) Jacks.

 It can support upto 4 Broadband connections and Two

Voice Connections simultaneously.

 Customer has to purchase additional WIFI router for

getting WIFI connectivity.

 Lower configuration ONTs are available in local market

from prices starting from Rs 900/-, but ONTs supplied by
the vendor have to be used for best results and so other
ONTs are discouraged.
 ONT –Tips

 In case of Alphion OLT, only Alphion ONTs can be

connected.

 Use ICOM (GEPON) and Alphion ONTs in Bridge Mode ie

Configure the FTTH username and password in the
customers WIFI router for best results.
 ONT –Cont’D

 Voice customers were connected to an IP Switch in Noida

migrated to IP Switch at Gurgaon on 22nd Dec 2017.

 Voice performance is expected to rise after the migration.

 Voice numbers start with 29……. For example FTTH voice

customer in TVM BA starts with 0471298…..

 BA’s having ICOM as vendor are promoting standalone

Broadband plans as voice performance has been poor.
 ONT – Configuration
 Different ONTs are configured just as easily as ADSL
Modems.

Vendor IP Address of ONT Username Password

Alphion 192.168.1.251 root admin
ICOM 192.168.1.1 admin admin
Sterlite 192.168.100.1 telecomadmin admintelecom
 UTStarcom ONT Configuration

•Ensure BSNL Optical Fiber cable is connected to FTTH Modem

and an Ethernet cable from ONT is connected to PC or laptop.

•IP address of your PC or Laptop should be selected as obtain

IP address automatically.

•Open Internet Explorer/ Chrome or any other browser

•Type 192.168.1.1 in address bar

•A pop-up window which will ask for FTTH modem username and
password
• Username = admin
• Password = admin
 UTStarcom ONT Configuration

•Easiest Method is to use Bridged Mode. ie put FTTH username

and password in customers WIFI router.

• It also gives better quality of service even with heavy use.

•90% customers will anyway buy good quality routers for WIFI
Connectivity.
Configuring in Bridged Mode

• Click Internet Connection

•Choose DHCP Client and input username and password in
customers router or Computer. Gives better quality of service.
•Click Apply
Configuring in PPPoE Mode

• Put your connection’s FTTH username and password on this page

if PPOE was chosen.
• Click Apply
Configuring in PPPoE Mode- Cont’D

• Goto Switch Configuration, VLAN Settings. Customer VLAN

given by NIB to be created and added to an Ethernet port
• Click Apply
 Alphion ONT Configuration

•Ensure BSNL Optical Fiber cable is connected to FTTH Modem

and an Ethernet cable from ONT is connected to PC or laptop.

•In ONT there are three LEDs Power, Fiber & Data which show
the connection status. Power and Fiber LEDs must be green
and stable, and Data LED is in a blinking state.

•IP address of your PC or Laptop should be selected as obtain

IP address automatically.

•Open Internet Explorer/ Chrome or any other browser

•Type 192.168.1.251 in address bar

• A pop-up window which will ask for FTTH modem username and
password
• Username = root
• Password = admin
• Click on Network
• Click on WAN
•Put your connection’s FTTH username and password on this page
•User name = abXXXXXXXXX_zid@ftth.bsnl.in
•Password = XXXXXXXX (Default value is “password“)
•Remember that Username & password provided by BSNL.
•Click on Apply
•After few seconds Data LED on ONT will be stable. If it’s not
getting stable recheck the whole process or contact to BSNL.
33
 For an FTTH Link

Link Loss = Fibre Loss + Connector Loss + Splice Loss+

Splitter Loss
Received Power = Transmitted Source Power - Link Losses

Link Losses

OLT Port ONT

Due to Fibre, connectors,
splices, splitters
For best results, Received Power level at both
ONT and OLT should be kept between
minimum and maximum allowed optical power
levels.

Receiver Sensitivity is the minimum power level upto which an Optical

Receiver will work without errors.
Receiver Saturation is the maximum power level upto which an
Optical Receiver will work without errors.
Exact values vary with each OLT/ONT & are available from the
manuals but as a rule of thumb keep the received power between
-10dBm and -25dBm
 Typical Losses in FTTH Link
Item Description Loss

Fibre Optic Cable @ 1310 nM 0.33 dB per KM

Fibre Optic Cable @ 1490 nM 0.21 dB per KM

Splices 0.1 dB per Splice

Connectors 0.5 dB per Connector

1 X 2 Splitter 3.5 dB per splitter

1 X 4 Splitter 7 dB per splitter

1 X 8 Splitter 10.5 dB per splitter

1 X 16 Splitter 14 dB per splitter

1 X 32 Splitter 17.5 dB per splitter

Calculate Link Loss easily by
 Take half of Cable distance(KM) to approximately
account for (Cable loss + Connector + Splice Loss). Say
9KM x 0.5= 4.5dB.
 Then add losses of all splitters to get total loss.
 Splitters : Add 3.5 dB to loss of any lower level splitter
to get the loss of a higher level splitter. For example to
get loss of 1x4 splitter add 3.5 dB to loss of 1x2 splitter
(ie 3.5dB+3.5dB=7dB)
 If Total Loss is less than 25dB the connection will work
fine
Do’s & Dont’s
 Keep the fibre connector ends clean. Always close
them with endcaps to protect from dust.

 Handle fibers with care.

 Don’t look into the fibre ends. FTTH power levels are
safe for eyes but what if someone has patched a higher
power? Anyway the LASER used is invisible. So no use
looking.

 Put Lambda(Wavelength) setting in Power meter at

1490 while measuring FTTH power levels. Else the
powerlevel shown will be wrong.
Do’s & Dont’s
 Don’t bend the fibres sharply. If a fibre is bent as much
as it is wrapped around your fingers (as small as a
ring), it will cause losses.

 If an OF cable is bent in a diameter less than 1 meter,

it will cause the plastic buffer tubes to bend, inturn
causing sharp bends and lossses in fibres

 Always try to provide FTTH connections with a power

level better than -20dBm even though they will work
upto -25dBm. This will allow for more joints or losses
or increased splits in future.
Do’s & Dont’s
 Use Splitters as near to the subscriber premise as
possible to reduce total amount of fiber
maintained.

 If they have to be used nearer to OLT, use ratio

splitters (for example 10% : 90% ) that can be
purchased locally instead of 1x2, 1x4 Splitters.

 Install Splitters at accessible locations for future

maintenance
Trouble shooting an FTTH connection
 Different ONTs have different LED indications to denote
various alarm conditions.
 ICOM ONT
 GEPON LED should be Green and Stable to get data
 VOIP LED should be Greean and Stable to get Voice

 Alphion ONT
 FIBRE & DATA LED Green and Stable to get data.
 Detailed Trouble shooting Steps uploaded to
 Alphion ONT
 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xi2BmHLSxLpyjUoX-
aGnHrWsY2v0yzhP/view?usp=sharing
 ICOM ONT
 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K-
gR4sIg_pUBTCeZDxUKhkSFRXGCzn6v/view?usp=sharing

 Copy paste above link in Browser

 Any DSL Broadband Plan with
Fixed Monthly Charges > Rs. 350 is eligible for
FTTH.

 But BA WISE minimum rates (Mostly Plans from

Rs 599 in case of EKM and Rs 1045 in case of
others) are fixed to ensure that the limited FTTH
ports available are provided to premium
customers and to ensure Return On Investment.

 Lower Plans are allowed in case of LCO

connections.
 BSNL FTTH Tariff-
Kerala Circle Specific Plans
Fibro ULD Fibro ULD Fibro ULD
Particulars
1045 CS48 1395 CS49 1895 CS129
up to 30 Mbps upto 50
Bandwidth up to 40 Mbps
till 50GB, 2 Mbps till
(Download Speed) till 75GB, 2 Mbps
Mbps beyond 100GB, 2
beyond
Mbps beyond
Fixed Monthly
1045 1395 1895
charges, FMC (Rs)
FMC: Fixed Monthly Charges (Taxes extra)
Voice Calls: As per Landline Plan

Go to http://210.212.237.90/csc/tariff/tariff_ftth.aspx to get latest updates on

circle specific plans
 BSNL FTTH Tariff
FiBro FiBro FiBro FiBro
Combo Combo Combo Combo
Particulars
ULD ULD ULD ULD
3999 5999 9999 16999
upto 20
upto 30 upto 50 upto 100
Mbps till
Bandwidth (Download Mbps till Mbps till Mbps till
300GB, 2
Speed) 400GB, 2 600GB, 2 800GB, 4
Mbps
Mbps Mbps Mbps
beyond
beyond beyond beyond
Fixed Monthly charges
3999 5999 9999 16999
(Rs)

Changed to Combo Plans with Unlimited Free calling on any network in India
wef 07.12.2017 vide Circular R&C-CFA-No.190/17-18 dtd 06.12.2017
 Upfront Charges in First Bill
 ONT (Modem) Security Deposit: Rs 500 (Refundable)
 ONT Rental: Rs 90
 Security Deposit : Rs 500/- (Refundable) for
 FTTH Landline (For Local + STD)
 FTTH Broadband Standalone Plan *
 FTTH Broadband Combo Plan with FMC upto Rs 500 *
 Security Deposit : One month FMC (Refundable) for
 FTTH Broadband Combo Plans with FMC > Rs 500 *
 FTTH Broadband Only Plans
 Installation Charges: NIL

 * No separate security deposit for Landline will be levied.

 Circular R&C-CFA No. 165/17-18 dtd 31.10.2017
 Waivers & Rebates
 ONT Rental: Rs 90 (Waived off for new customers for first 6
months for new connections taken upto 06.04.2018 )
 Annual Payment Savings (Ask customer to think of it as a Bank
Deposit that automatically pays your FMC monthly, No bank can
give more returns & No hassles of remembering the due date.

One Year Pay for 11 Months 8.3 % savings

Two Year Pay for 21 Months 12.5% savings
Three Year Pay for 30 Months 16.5% savings

 5% discount for Govt/PSU/Retired Employees/Visually Impaired

Customers
 Waivers & Rebates
 Waiver of one month rental charges under
landline/DSL/FTTH plan for the customers booked
through Social Media (Facebook/Twitter) for a period of
one year wef 30.10.2017

 The above scheme shall also be applicable for those new

customers who were booked after 02.06.2017

 BSNL Facebook Page: Book Now

 Twitter or Browser: goo.gl/y3cNj5

 R&C-CFA circular No.163/17-18 dated 30.10.2017.

 Operation through LCO
 Maximum Revenue share of 40 % (ie 60% to BSNL
and 40% to LCO).

 OLT, ONT and Fibre will be owned and maintained

by LCO.

 Bandwidth will be provided at BSNL Exchange

premises. This has to be extended to LCO premises

 Customer will be BSNL customer & Billing by BSNL

 How to ensure customer Loyalty
 Market and provide voice connections along with
broadband FTTH.
 Promote annual plans. A 3 year annual plan paid upfront is
an effective way to lockin a customer for 3 years.
 Promote 5% discounted schemes for PSU/Govt servants
etc.
 All the above 3 categories customers will not migrate to
other service providers as the above facilities are not
available elsewhere.
 Above all, maintain good relations with LCO customers
and keep up the relations in a periodical manner, while
accepting bills at the CSC counters or when they report
faults.
 Operation through LCO- CSC Aspects

 In CRM appropriate option for LCO may be chosen so

as to ensure sharing of revenue.

 It is suggested that the LCO may affix a stamp having

LCO Name, Signature, Date, Sale Franchisee code and
FTTH Exchange Code on the top portion of the CAF
for easy identification by CSC staff, while creating the
order for the creation of the connection in CRM.

 The CAF for providing FTTH connection is to be

accepted in all Cat l and Cat ll CSCs
 FTTH Marketing Initiatives
 Focused marketing to be done. Make available good OLT
power at a location and market around the place. For
example flats or commercial complexes.

 More MOU should be signed with LCOs especially in non

feasible areas for achieving FTTH target.

 Exchange level FTTH team is to be constituted for speedy

provision & maintenance.

 BAs are requested to undergo Tender Process

immediately to deploy more contractors for above purpose
including splicing, laying of fibre etc.
 FTTH Marketing Initiatives
 The service of all channels like Staff marketing, Udaan,
Franchisee, DSA may be ensured to promote and to get
maximum BB/FTTH connections.

 Exchange level DSA enrollment should be done to the

maximum extent possible for improving BB & FTTH
provision, maintenance and marketing activities.

 All the field officers should be actively involved in Marketing,

Generating leads and Provisioning of the FTTH connection.

 The CAF for providing FTTH connection is to be accepted in all

Cat l and Cat ll CSCs
 FTTH Marketing Initiatives

 Target the potential customers especially

younger generation doing business, start-
ups working in Techno parks / smart city
areas
 In the case of FTTH connections to Gram
Panchayats, using NOFN networks, the
possibilities of providing 3 more FTTH
connections (from the ONT of each GP) to
the nearby/colocated Government offices
to be explored
Regional Telecom Training centre,Trivandrum 56
 Worksheet on

Link design of FTTH –

GEPON (UTSTAR system case)

GEPON OLT & ONT
1) Calculate the maximum reach of the network diagram shown below:
 Downstream Link Loss Computation:
Item Description Insertion Loss, EA Quantity Total Loss
(dB) (dB)

SC connector 0.4 8 3.2

Splitter 11+7.4 2 18.4

Fiber Splice 0.1 2 0.2

Fiber Cable Loss 0.21 dB/km L 0.21L

Allowance or Margin 1.5

Total Insertion Loss = 23.3+0.21L

1. The total Downstream insertion loss = 23.3+0.21L

2. The maximum reach can be computed as following:
TX – LOSS = RX
2.5-(23.3+0.21L)=-25
Max. Reach = 20 kms
 Upstream Link Loss Computation:

Item Description Insertion Loss, EA Quantity Total Loss

(dB) (dB)

SC connector 0.4 8 3.2

Splitter 11+7.4 2 18.4

Fiber Splice 0.1 2 0.2

Fiber Cable Loss 0.33 dB/km L 0.33L

Allowance or Margin 2.0

Total Insertion Loss = 0.33L+23.8

1. The total Upstream insertion loss = 0.33L+23.8

2. The maximum reach can be computed as following:
TX – LOSS = RX
0-(0.33L+23.8)=-29
Max. Reach =15.5 KM