Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
An Introduction To The
Health Effects of Caffeine
3
O N
N
CH3
A Small Dose of Toxicology A Small Dose of Caffeine – 04/22/10
Caffeine – 1,3,7 Trimethylxanthine
O
CH3
CH3
N
N 7
1
3
O N
N
CH3
A Small Dose of Toxicology A Small Dose of Caffeine – 04/22/10
History of Coffee
Date Event
~850 - Coffee beans discovered - The fable says that an Ethiopian goat
or sheepherder noticed that the goats were more alter after
eating the wild berries. He then sampled this new delicacy.
~1100 - First coffee trees and roasting of coffee beans.
1475 - Constantinople – the world’s first coffee house.
1600s - Coffee enters Europe and moves quickly to the Americas
1700s - Coffee house open throughout Europe.
1723 - First coffee plants are introduced into the Americas.
1822 - First espresso machine is created in France.
1938 - First instant coffee invented by the Nestlé company.
1971 - Starbucks opens its first location in Seattle, Washington's Pike
Place Market.
A Small Dose of Toxicology A Small Dose of Caffeine – 04/22/10
Caffeine & Money
Coffee
Black as hell, strong as death,
sweet as love.
Turkish proverb.
Toxicity
Restlessness, jitters, anxiety, insomnia, elevated or irregular
heart rate
No tolerance
Most develop little or no tolerance to the nervous system
effects
Withdrawal effects
Transient but persistent, headache, low energy, in ability to
concentrate
A Small Dose of Toxicology A Small Dose of Caffeine – 04/22/10
Absorption
O
H
CH3
N
N 7
1
3
O N
N
CH3
A Small Dose of Toxicology A Small Dose of Caffeine – 04/22/10
Mechanism Of Action
Adenosine is a calming
neurotransmitter
3 3 N
N O
N N
H
Adenosine
1 Adenosine
Receptor
Outside Cell
Cell
2 Membrane Inside Cell
Signal Protein 3
Positive Response
Calming effect
Caffeine
1
Adenosine
Receptor
2 Caffeine
inactivates
receptor
3 Adenosine
can not bind
Caffeine
No Response
Resulting in Stimulation
Web Sites
• England – Department of Health – Statement on
the reproductive effects of caffeine. Online.
<http://www.doh.gov.uk/sacn/pdf/200106caffeine.
pdf> (accessed: 2 April 2003).
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -
Perplexities Of Pregnancy. Online.
<http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/wh-preg2.html>
(accessed: 9 April 2003).
• Caffeine – The Vaults of Erowid. Online.
<http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/caffeine/caffei
ne.shtml> (accessed: 2 April 2003).
3 N
O N
H
A Small Dose of Toxicology A Small Dose of Caffeine – 04/22/10
Purine
H
N
N 7
1
3 N
N