Hormon Parathyroid

Dr. Nanang Miftah F, SpPD

Bagian Endokrin dan Metabolik

FK UNLAM- RS ULIN
Kelenjar Parathyroid
A. Gross anatomy
1. Terdiri dari 4
bagian kelenjar
paratiroid
2. Terletak di
belakang kelenjar
thyroid
 Parathyroid glands
Microscopic anatomy
Parathyroid glands
1. oxyphil cells
a. larger, polygonal cells
b. unknown function

2. chief cell
a. pale, acidophilic cytoplasm
b. secretes parathyroid hormone
c. incr. blood Ca++ levels
 Fungsi Kelenjar Parathyroid
(parathyroid hormone or “parathormone”)
• Meningkatkan Kadar Ca++ (calcium) dalam darah
• Mekanisme Pengaturan Kalsium oleh PTH
1. Menstimulasi osteoklas untuk melepas kalsium dari
tulang
2. Menurunkan sekresi Ca++ pada ginjal
3. Mengaktifkan Vitamin D meningkatkan absorbsi Ca di
usus halus
• Fungsinya berlawanan dengan hormon kalsitonin,

5
PTH release:
1) stimulates osteoclasts
2) enhances reabsorption of Ca++ by kidneys
3) increases absorption of Ca++ by intestinal mucosal
cells

Hyperparathyroidism- too much Ca++ drawn out of bone;

could be due to tumor

Hypoparathyroidism- most often follow parathyroid

gland trauma or after removal of thyroid--- tetany,
muscle twitches, convulsions; if
untreatedrespiratory paralysis and death
 Calcium Homeostasis
• Parathyroid
– most important endocrine regulator of calcium and
phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid (PTH)
– Targets receptors on bones
and kidneys
• Calcitonin
– C cells of Thyroid
– Decreases mobilization
and uptake of calcium

Study Figure 9.45

Feedback Loop
• Negative feedback in calcium
homeostasis. A rise in blood Ca2+
causes release of calcitonin from
the thyroid gland, promoting Ca2+
deposition in bone and reducing
reabsorption in kidneys.

• A drop in blood Ca2+ causes the

parathyroid gland to produce
parathyroid hormone (PTH),
stimulating the release of Ca2+
from bone.

• PTH also promotes reabsorption

of Ca2+ in kidneys and uptake of
Ca2+ in intestines.
Calcium Homeostasis
 Calcium Homeostasis
Parathyroid “C” Cells

PTH Calcitonin

Inhibit
Inhibit

Bone Bone
Kidney Kidney
Intestine

[Ca++] [Ca++]
In plasma In plasma
 Parathyroid Homeostatic Imbalances

Hiperparathyroid
• Kadar calsium dalam
darah <<<
• - ca >>
• Terjadi Penumpukan
kalsium pada :
– Ginjal
– Gigi
– Otot
 Hipoparatiroid
• Kalsium dalam
darah <<
• Neuron hiperaktiv
• Tetani spasme