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Seminar Report
ON

ROM-BIOS
 
 

Developed By:-
Darshan Shrimali
1st Sem BCA(Div:E)
Roll No:471
 TOPIC

 BIOS
 BIOS CHIP IN MOTHERBOARD
 ROM BIOS SETTINGS
 THE BOOTING PROCESS OF PC
 UPDATING YOUR BIOS
 METHODS OS RECOVERING A CURRUPT BIOS CHIP
 ROM BIOS SHADOWING NOT AN ADVANTAGE WITH
WINDOWS NT
 BIOS(Basic Input/Output System):-
 
 Hardware devices are control by ROM BIOS (built
into computer by manufacturer).
 BIOS services are invoked by 12 interrupts, divided
into five groups:
 Peripheral Devices Services & we will focus on
 keyboard services
 Video services
 Time/Date Services
 Print-Screen Services
  BIOS CHIP IN MOTHERBOARD

The BIOS chip contains all the basic instructions

that manages the computer when it is switched on.
Read Only Memory is permanent memory. When
the computer is turned on the PROCESSOR looks
for basic data/information in the ROM (BIOS).
  The ROM BIOS Settings :

There are two things in a computer referred to as

BIOS.The ROM BIOS which this page is about and
the DOS BIOS which does a similar job on a
different level for DOS.
 The ROM BIOS is a program that provides the
most basic low level operations on the computer.
 There are two parts to the ROM BIOS program
(except the original IBM PC which contained
BASIC in a third part of the ROM BIOS).
 Some of the delay between switching on a PC
and when it starts working is caused by the
POST (Power On Self Test), programs that test
the functionality and initialise the PC
 The second and more interesting part the
routines, provide a list of services for use by a
operating system and applications, such as disk
input output, including error checking.

 All of the BIOS program is stored in 128 KB of

memory E000 to F000 hex and the amount
used depends on the complexity of the ROM
BIOS software .
UPDATING (FLASHING) YOUR BIOS
 
Enters Protected Mode by loading the DOS 4G
Protected Mode drivers
Identifies the flash part (the BIOS chip)
Identifies the flash part size and programming
voltage
Identifies the motherboard chipset
Verifies the BIOS checksums (make sure that the
BIOS file is correct)
Erases the BIOS SYSTEM BLOCK (write over
the data with all 0’s)
Rewrites the SYSTEM BLOCK with the new
BIOS file
  The Booting Process of the PC
 The power supply performs a self-test:
 The microprocessor timer chip receives the "Power
Good" signal:
 The CPU starts executing the ROM BIOS code:
 The BIOS searches for adapters that may need to
load their own ROM BIOS routines:
The ROM BIOS Checks to see if this is a ‘cold boot’ or
a ‘warm boot’.
 POST (Power-On Self-Test):
 The BIOS locates and reads the configuration
information stored in CMOS:
 Shadow RAM: (Optional, you can turn it off/on
using the CMOS settings)
 Loading the OS (Operating System):
METHODS OF RECOVERING A
CORRUPT BIOS CHIP:
 
There are four options available if your BIOS has
become corrupt:
1) Use the BootBlock function of the BIOS to
reprogram the BIOS ROM.
2) Use a method called ‘Hot-Swapping’ to
reprogram the BIOS ROM.
3) Remove the BIOS ROM and manually reprogram
it on an EEPROM programmer.
4) Purchase a replacement BIOS from the
motherboard manufacturer.
 ROM BIOS Shadowing Not an Advantage with
Windows NT :
• ROM BIOS shadowing is the process of copying the
BIOS from ROM into RAM and using either
hardware or 386 enhanced mode to remap the RAM
into the normal address space of the BIOS.

• Windows NT does not use the BIOS therefore, no

performance is gained by shadowing. If ROM BIOS
shadowing is not used, more RAM is available. With
Windows NT, there is an advantage to disabling the
ROM BIOS shadowing option.
 CMOS settings allow the system to
shadow any BIOS. This includes the
following:

 SystemBIOS

 VideoBIOS

 Other adapters ROM BIOS

 THANK YOU