Automatic Solar irrigation system

In this project we make irrigation system fully

automation by using a renewal energy i.e. Solar
energy.
We use a soil sensor which sense soil condition. If
soil is dry it starts pumping for irrigation when soil
or irrigational land become wet it stops pumping
automatically.
We connect ac ½ hp water pump with this sensor
along with relay circuit. We use 20W solar panel for
charging our 20AH battery.
Block Diagram
 Hardware used:-

• Solar panel (20W)

• Battery (20Ah)
• Hybrid Inverter (850VA)
• Relay (5V)
• Water pump (0.5hp)
 Solar hybrid Power Supply
In this project we take power from Sunlight, Battery &
Main line in efficient manner.

In normal inverter connection we use electricity for

charging our discharge battery so that we can not save
electricity. If continuous power cut is there so can not
take long back up.

To avoid above problems we design a smart solution. We

use Solar panel to charge our battery by using a pwm
charge controller so that we save electricity and no
headache for frequent power cut.
 Module used in our Project
850VA Luminous pure sine wave inverter sine
wave just because it does not produce noise on
motor pump.

20W solar panel

 20Ah Solar Battery

Block Diagram
 What is Photovoltaic Cell
The term photovoltaic coming from two words
i.e. photo means light and voltaic means electricity.
It can convert from light energy to electrical
energy in terms of direct current(dc).
But normal light can produce only voltage and
very less amount of current.
But Sunlight produce both voltage and current
efficiently due to presence of photon in sun light.
 The Photoelectric Effect

• The photoelectric effect relies on

the principle that whenever light
strikes the surface of certain
metals electrons are released.
• In the p-n junction the n-type
wafer treated with phosphorus has
extra electrons which flow into the
holes in the p-type layer that has
been treated with boron.
• Connected by an external circuit
electrons flow from the n-side to
create electricity and end up in the
p-side.
 Charge Controller

• Limits both charge current and voltage to

protect battery from overheating and
damage that shortens life using PWM.
• Inside charge controller a feedback
circuit is there which measure amount
charge stored in a battery in accordance
with charge it will give output voltage.
• Disconnects battery loads if voltage falls
too low (11.8 V is typical)
• Removes charge current if voltage rises
too high (13.5V is typical)
• Regulates charge voltage to avoid battery
water gassing
 Storage Batteries

• Lead-acid Tabular C-10 batteries are

most economical; but must be deep-
cycle type is used in this project.
• In battery electrical energy stored in the
form of chemical energy in terms of
direct current.
• Between two plate there are both
chemical and electrical components.
• The simplest means of storage on a
smaller moderate scale is in electric
storage batteries, especially as solar
cells produce the direct electric current
required for battery charging. The
stored energy can then be delivered as
electricity upon discharge
 Inverter

• Inverter is not only convert

direct current to Alternating
current but also charge the
battery by using PWM
technology.
• In our project inverter converts
low voltage (24V ) direct current
to 230 V alternating current.
 NPN Transistor

12 V 12 V
 Relay
RELAY

Relay On
off

0V
5
 MOTOR PUMP

• The AC motor is connected to the

inverter. Output from the inverter
is given as input to the AC motor.
The motor is connected to a
centrifugal pump. The pump helps
to pump out the water for
irrigation.
 Future Scope:-
• Material of the project can be developed.
• This will help our Indian farmer more
efficiently.
• This can be implemented in a large scale.
 Conclusion:-

We design this hybrid project successfully and

tested its all working condition successfully.
And find its work automatically without any
human interface. It takes power individually as
per above description. .