GROUP MEMBERS

1. HAFSA ABDUL RAZZAQUE 181110051

2. RABIA IRFAN 18211019
3. SAMRA NAZIR 181110062
4. SANA IMTIAZ 181110061
5. MUHAMMAD CHAN ZAIB 18211010
Introduction
 Conti…

 Golden age of the English Literature

 Heavily influenced by Italian renaissance
 Introduced new genre in English theatre
 Tragic comedy became very popular
 The era is also called the era of sonnets
 Conti…

 Worksof writer as Shakespeare, Wyatt and

Thomas Campion became very popular
 Shakespeare introduced his
own style now
known as Shakespearean or English sonnets
 Drama under Elizabethan’s region, became a
unifying influence
 Conti…

 Some most famous writers of this period

 Christopher Marlowe,sir Philip Sidney,
Edmund Spenser, Thomas Mare, Bacon,
William Shakespeare, and Ben Johnson
 Shakespeare and Marlowe were reputable
playwrights of this age
 Major writers
 William Shakespeare
 Christopher Marlowe
 Ben Johnson
 Sir Thomas Wyatt
 Earl Of Surrey_ Henry Howard
 Edmund Spenser
 John Lyly
 Francis Bacon
 Shakespearean Drama
 Most memorable achievement in English Drama
 Educated classes touch much more highly
Two periods
 First Period
 Nicholas Udall’s (Ralph Roister Doister)
 John Still’s (Grummar Gurton’s Needle)
 Thomas Sackville’s (Gorbuduc)
Second Group was dominated by “University
Wits”
 University Wits
 The University Wits is a phrase used to name a group of late
16th-century English playwrights and pamphleteers who were
educated at the universities (Oxford or Cambridge) and who
became popular secular writers; Which include
 Marlowe (Central Sun)
Minor Stars are:
 Lyly
 Greene
 Peele
 Lodge
 Nash
 Major Playwrights

• William Shakespeare
• Christopher Marlowe
• Ben Johnson
 William Shakespeare
 An English poet, actor and the world’s
greatest dramatist.
 Born in 26th April 1564 and died in 23rd
April 1616
 Wrote 154 ‘Sonnets’ out of which18
are famous.
 Wrote at least 37 plays
 Over 150 short and long poems.
 Also known as ‘The Bard', is
responsible for some of the best plays
and poetry written in the English
language.
 Conti…
 Shakespeare did not attend University,
thus he has received far more attention
in popular culture as a Writer.
 Shakespeare wrote in Blank Verse_
almost all plays.
 Shakespeare was very fond of using
Supernatural elements in his plays.
 Conti…

 Shakespeare is often called England’s national poet and

the “Bard of Avon”, and considered by many to be
greatest dramatist of all time.
 Shakespeare’s character have an emotional reality, and
his plays depict familiar experiences, ranging from
family squabbles to falling in love to war.
 “A fool thinks himself to be wise, but a wise man knows
himself to be a fool.”
 Works
 Work of Shakespeare can be divided inti four periods
1. Period of Experimentation
 Love’s Labour’s Lost
 Two Gentlemen of Verona
 Richard III
2. Development Period
 The Merchant of Venice
 Midsummer Night’s Dream
 As You Like It
 Henry IV
 Conti…
3. Period of Gloom and Depression
 Hamlet
 Lear
 Macbeth
 Othello
 Julius Caesar
4. Period of restored serenity
 The Winter’s Tale
 The Tempest
 Henry VIII
 Cymbeline
 Impact of Shakespeare On
English
 Expanded the vocabulary of English language
 Invented nearly 1700 hundred new words that we
use today by adding suffixes and prefixes, by
changing nouns into pronouns
 Estimated to have used a mighty impressive 1500
different words in his plays
 Also coined new phrases and sayings which have
never been used before. Some of these are as:
 Conti…

 Heart of Gold ( Henry V)

 In a pickle ( The Tempest)
 Pure as the driven snow ( Hamlet)
 Shakespeare is considered to have been greatest
wordsmith of English language
 These contribution helped him to be a very
influential literary figure in English Language
 Christopher Marlowe
 One of the most suggestive figures
of the English Renaissance
 Greatest of Shakespeare’s
Predecessors
 Born in Canterbury Only few months
before Shakespeare
 Educated at Cambridge
 First Play in 1587
 Marlowe greatly influenced William
Shakespeare
 Basically tragedy playwright
 Major Works
 Marlowe’s contribution to English tragedy is very
vital and manifold.
 His Major Works are as Follow.
 Tamburlaine (The story of Timur and Tartar)
 Doctor Faustus (Story of a Scholar who longs for
infinite knowledge)
 Jew of Malta (Centers about Barbas, a terrible old
money lender)
 Edward ll. ( a tragedy study of a king’s weakness
and misery)
 Characteristics

 Great Contribution to the Elizabethan drama.

 Raised Subject matter of drama to the higher
level
 More poetic style Characters
 Introduced heroes who were men of great
strength and vitality
 Conti…
 Life and reality to the Characters
 By using Blank verse he made work of
Shakespeare more easy
 Gave unity and Coherence to the drama
 Poetic glow to drama
 Father of English Dramatic Poetry
 Ben Johnson
 A prominent Dramatist of his times
 Contemporary but opposite of
Shakespeare
 A classicist, a moralist, and a reformer
of drama
 Basically known as a Comedy
Playwright
 He was classically educational well
read and cultured man of English
language.
 Ben Johnson broke the romantic
tendency of Elizabethan drama.
 Major Comedies
Outstanding Comedies are as Follow
 Volpone ( A satirical study of avarice on
heroic scale)
 The Silent Woman ( Comedy of manners)
 The Alchemist (Most perfect realistic
Elizabethan Comedy)
 Bartholomew Fair (A true picture of
Elizabethan low life)
 Every Man in His Humour
 Every Man Out Of Hs Humour
 Tragedies

 Also
wrote two comedies on classical
model that proved to be unsuccessful

 Sejanus
 Cataline
 Characteristics

 Best known for his Comedies

 Profound Classical Scholar wanted to reform
the Elizabethan drama
 Limited
his art in the bounds of reason and
common sense
 Intellectual and satirical writer
 Conti…

 Created
a new way of Comedy having its
own method, scope and purpose
 Brokefrom Romantic Tendency of
Elizabethan drama
 Drew his principles from ancients
 Other Major Figures

 Thomas Kyd ( The Spanish Tragedy)

 Thomas Sackville (Gorboduc)
 Thomas Norton ( Gorboduc)
 John Ford (Tis pity She’s a Whore)
 Thomas Middleton (Include comedy
and tragedy plays)
Major Writers of Elizabethan prose:

Francisbacon
John Lyly
 John Lyly
 Born
1553 Canterbury, united kingdom
 Died
November 27, London, united kingdom
 Occupation
Prosewriter and playwrights
 Major Works

 Euphues and his England

 Gallagathea
 The anatomy of wit
 Endimion
Shakespearean Age Poetry
 Introduction
• Great Age of Poetry
• Writing poetry was part of Education
• Written many books of poetry
• Began in 1579
• Also Contributed by Sir Tomas Wyatt And
Earl of Surrey (Tottle’s Miscellany)
 Characteristics of
Shakespearean Poetry

Poetry forms
Poetry themes
Poetry Style
 Poetry form
 Sonnet form was dominant (Shakespeare also
preferred this style in his poetry)
 Shakespearean Sonnet
 Petrarchan Sonnet
 Spensarian Sonnet
 Lyric, Descriptive and Derivative poetry
 Shakespearean Stanza
 Poetry Themes
 Courtly love,
 Mutability of life
 Religion and piety
 Rebirth and regeneration
 Rear of death
 Infliction and spiritual purification.
 Immortality
 Platonic love
 Nationalism
 Reformation
 Poetry Style
 Poetry styles dominated during the
Elizabethan age may include:
 Parody Style
 Blank verse Style
 Dramatic poetry Style
 Pastoral poetry Style
 Sonnet style_ ababbcdcdefefgg; Elizabethan
scheme
 Major Poets

 Thomas Wyatt- Whoso List to Hunt

 Henry Howard- Description of Spring
 Edmund Spenser- To His Love
 Sir Philip Sidney- A Litany
 Sir Walter Raleigh- Answer to Marlowe
 William Shakespeare- Sonnet 18& Sonnet 65
Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503 – 11 October
1542)
Brief biography
 Born in Kent, England,
 An ambassador to France and Italy for King
Henry VIII.
 Wyatt’s travels abroad exposed him to different
forms of poetry, which he adapted for the
English language — most notably, the sonnet.
 Rumored to be Anne Boleyn’s lover,
Source: poetryfoundation.org
 Conti…
 imprisoned for a month in the Tower of London
until Boleyn’s execution for adultery.
 Many consider his poem “Whoso List to Hunt” to
be about Boleyn.
 Credited for introducing the Italian form of sonnet
to English.
 His poetry was widely circulated during his life,
 The first time to appear in print was after his death
in print
 In 1557, ninety-six of his songs appeared in Songs
and Sonnetts (Tottel’s Miscellany).
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey

 Tudor poet Henry Howard, the Earl of Surrey, was

born in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, England.
 He was the son of the third Duke of Norfolk.
 Associated with the royal court,
 Grew up at Windsor,
 A childhood companion to the Duke of Richmond,
son of Henry VIII.
 Conti…
 Surrey was also a first cousin to Anne Boleyn.
 In 1532, he traveled to France with Henry VIII
and stayed at the French court for almost a
year.
 Made Knight of the Garter in 1541 and served
as a soldier in France.
 After Anne Boleyn’s execution, Surrey and his
father ran afoul of the new English court on
several occasions.
 Imprisoned in the Tower of London and
executed in 1547.
 Conti…
 Surrey’s poetry is often associated
with that of Thomas Wyatt, whose
work was published alongside
Surrey’s in Tottel’s Miscellany (1557).
 A major poet of the 16th century,
Surrey is credited with developing the
Shakespearean form of the sonnet.
 He wrote love poems and elegies and
translated Books 2 and 4 of Virgil’s
Aeneid as well as Psalms and
Ecclesiastes from the Bible.
 He also introduced blank verse to
English—a form that he used in his
translations of Virgil.
Edmund Spenser 1552–1599
• Edmund Spenser was an English
poet best known for “The Faerie
Queen”, an epic poem and
fantastical allegory celebrating the
Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth.
• He is recognized as one of the
premier craftsmen of Modern
English verse in its infancy, and
one of the greatest poets in English
language.
 Conti…

Spenser used a distinctive verse form, called Spenserian

stanza, in several works, including “The Faerie Queen”.
The stanza’s main meter is iambic pentameter with a final
line in iambic hexameter, and the rhyme scheme is abab
abab abab aa
 Spenserian Sonnet
The Spenserian sonnet is based on a fusion of elements
of both the Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearian
sonnet. It is similar to the Shakespearian sonnet in the
sense that its set up is based more on the 3 quatrains
and a couplet, a system set up by Shakespeare;
however, it is similar to the Petrarchan tradition in the
fact that a solution or conclusion follows after an
argument is set up in the earlier quatrains.