NETWORKS AND

INTERCONNECTION OF
NETWORK
Definition
Communication is inherent to man, as societies evolved,
they had to develop more and more sophisticated
methods of transmission and information, distances and
speed of transmission also grew over time, so much that
today there are no distances geographic
The world has become a huge web of connectivity, a
network of computers also called a computer network
that is a set of computer equipment connected to each
other by means of physical devices that send and receive
electrical impulses, electromagnetic waves or any other
means to the transport of data.
 Purpose

SHARE RESOURCES AND ENSURE THE RELIABILITY INCREASE THE SPEED OF REDUCE THE OVERALL
INFORMATION IN THE AND AVAILABILITY OF DATA TRANSMISSION. COST OF THIS ACTIONS.
DISTANCE. INFORMATION
 Classification of networks

BY SCOPE BY TYPE OF BY TOPOLOGY DUE TO THE ACCORDING TO BY DEGREE OF BY

CONNECTION DIRECTIONALITY YOUR PROPERTY DIFFUSION COMMUNICATION
OF THE DATA PROTOCOLS
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

By scope

• PAN (Personal Area Network) o red de área personal:

We speak of a computer network of a few meters, something similar to the distance that the Bluetooth of the mobile
phone needs to exchange data. They are the most basic and serve for small spaces, for example if you work in a
single-storey premises with a couple of computers.

• LAN (Local Area Network) o red de área local

It is the one we all know and which is usually installed in most companies, whether it is a complete building or a local.
It allows to connect computers, printers, scanners, photocopiers and many other peripherals so that you can
exchange data and orders from the different nodes of the office.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

By scope

• CAN (Campus Area Network) o red de área de campus:

is a network of high-speed devices that connects local area networks through a limited geographical area, such as a
university campus, a military base, etc. Does not use public media.

• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) o red de área metropolitana:

This reaches a geographical area equivalent to a municipality, cities to countries. It is characterized by using a
technology analogous to LAN networks, and is based on the use of two unidirectional buses, independent of each
other in terms of data transmission.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

By scope
• WAN (Wide Area Network) o red de área amplia:
These networks are based on the connection of computer equipment located in an extensive geographic area, for
example between different continents. By understanding such a large distance the data transmission is performed at
a lower speed in relation to the previous networks. However, they have the advantage of transferring a much greater
amount of information. The connection is made through fiber optics or satellites.

• WLAN (Wireless Local Área Network)o red de área local inalámbricas

It is a system for transmitting information wirelessly, that is, by means of satellites, microwaves, etc. Born from the
creation and subsequent development of mobile devices and laptops, and mean an alternative to connecting
equipment through cabling.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

By type of connection

COAXIAL TWISTED PAIR OPTICAL

CABLE CABLE FIBER
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

By topology
• Ring network
• Network on bus

A bus network is that topology that is A ring network is a network topology

characterized by having a single
communication channel (called bus,
trunk or backbone) to which the
different devices are connected.
in which each station has a single
input connection and an output
connection. Each station has a
receiver and a transmitter that acts
as a translator, passing the signal to
the next station.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS
By topology
• Network onstar
A star network is a network of computers where
stations are directly connected to a central point
and all communications are necessarily made
through that point (switch, repeater or hub). The
devices are not directly connected to each other,
in addition to not allowing so much information
traffic.
• Network on net
A mesh network is a network topology in which
each node is connected to all nodes. In this way
it is possible to carry messages from one node to
another in different ways. If the mesh network is
completely connected, there can be absolutely
no interruption in communications.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

By directionality of the data

Simplex or unidirectional

Half-Duplex or bidirectional

Full-Dúplex
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

According to your property

Public networks: Private networks:

Según su
propiedad:

they are managed by

belong to state agencies and companies, individuals or
are open to anyone who associations. They can only
requests it. be accessed from the
owners' terminals.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

By Degree of diffusion
Intranen
An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet protocol technology to share information, operating systems, or computer services
within an organization. It is usually internal, instead of public like the internet.

Extranet
The extranet usually has a semi-private access. To access the extranet of a company, not necessarily the user must be a worker of
the company, but have a link with the entity.

Internet
It is about the global computer network. The Internet can be defined as a conglomeration of local networks distributed around the
world, with computers that are connected through a specific protocol.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS

Communication protocols
In order for the data transmission to be successful, the sender and receiver must follow certain communication
rules for the exchange of information.

• The OSI Model

Abbreviations that mean Open Systems Interconnection, is a regulation formed by seven layers that defines the
different phases through which data must pass to travel from one device to another over a communications
network.
The communications follow a set of seven pre-established levels that are Physical, Link, Network, Transport,
Session, Presentation and Application.

• The TCP / IP Model

it is used for communications in networks and, like any protocol, it describes a set of general operating guides to
allow a computer to communicate in a network. TCP / IP provides end-to-end connectivity by specifying how
data should be formatted, routed, transmitted, routed and received by the recipient.