SHRI RAM CENTENNIAL

SCHOOL
SESSION 2018-19

SENIOR BAL VIGYAN – COMMERCE

SUB THEME- WASTE MANAGEMENT
TOPIC – PLASTIC 2 FUEL – PYROLYSIS PROCESS

PRESENTED BY-

ACHAL DOSI
JAHNVI SARDA
RHITVIK VERMA
VIDUSHI KESHARWANI
PLASTIC WASTE
FACTS ABOUT PLASTIC
DISADVANTAGES OF
PLASTIC
Hazardous Waste
Polymers and Non Biodegradable
Toxin Carriers

Dangerous if Consumed
 RECYCLING
GETTING FUEL FROM USED PLASTICS
 SCOPE

Communities
Being a zero- Plastics to Fuel With plastic
now have the
residue, technologies are consumption
potential to
user-friendly expected to be Recovering set to double
create some
and particularly raw in the next 20
of their own
environment helpful in island materials years,
fuel locally,
-protecting nations where from the recycling
providing
technology, It fuel prices are waste stream must be
economic
promises to high and landfill is the future. profitable to
and
gobble up options are make a
environment
plastic waste. limited. difference.
al benefits.
WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED FROM
COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD
In Maharashtra’s Pune, Medha Tadpatrikar and
Shirish Phadtare , achieved significant success Goa has been instrumental in converting plastic
in converting plastic waste to fuel, that too waste into fuel. Goa generates nearly 66 metric
without the aid of a fancy laboratory or a tonnes of plastic waste every day. Two plants in
scientific background. An extensive research by Goa’s Bicholim and Sonsoddo have been setup
the two women who deducted that usable fuel under the public private partnership (PPP)
could be obtained from plastics, using the model with Bangalore-based M K Aromatics Ltd
mechanism of thermos-catalytic since 2016.
depolymerisation. Subsequently, Rudra
Environmental Solutions was founded and in
2010, the first plastic to fuel conversion
machine was set up in Pune.

EXISTING
PROJECTS IN
INDIA

In Hyderabad, the waste to energy company

Ventana announced the setting up of multiple
waste to fuel plants, in collaboration with
Ramky Environment, a waste management
service. The announcement was made in
January 2017. For over a year now, 45-year-old
Satish, a long-time resident of Hyderabad, has
been involved in turning 'dead' plastic, into
usable fuel.
Footed in the year 2007,in Indore Heera Energy
System is one of the eminent names of the
industry thoroughly engrossed in
manufacturing a wide variety of products which
include Pyrolysis Plant, Waste Plastic To Oil
Plant, Light Diesel Oil Filtration Machine and
many more.
 FIELD VISIT

Jahnvi Sarda of Class XI with Director of

SNG Unicorns, Mr. Sudhanshu Dilliwal

Jahnvi Sarda of Class XI with Director of

Indore Caps Pvt Ltd Mr. Prashant Barod
 QUESTIONNAIRE
Question What type of plastics can be used in the Pyrolysis process?

Response All kinds of plastic can be recycled, but they all have different oil yielding capacity. HDPE &
Medical Grade Plastic have maximum oil yield up to 80% and other plastics like PVC & PET
have oil yield capacity between 50-60%. There is one more difference between these plastics,
Polythenes doesn’t break easily and solidify below the temperature of 20°C, as it has paraffin.
Whereas Polypropylene breaks easily and doesn’t have any paraffin so you will get liquid fuel.

Question Is the waste plastic easily available?

Response The plastic wastes are easily available in cities where more industries are operating.
Industrial plastic wastes are cheaply available and are easily processed.

Question What is the cost of raw material?

Response It is available at a price of Rs 12-15/kg and the conversion cost is Rs 10.

Question At what Price do you sell your this Oil?

Response We will sell diesel at a price of Rs 42/l.

Question So, do you sell only diesel?

Response No, in the Pyrolysis process the oil obtained is distilled to get diesel. Also we get a byproduct
that is carbon sludge. The diesel is sold to casting industries whereas carbon to cement
factories.
Question Who are your Potential buyers?
Response Our products are mainly sold to industries like Mahindra motors, Eicher motors and VE
commercials and the byproduct has many potential buyers like cement factories, road and
highway developers.
Question What is the capacity of your machine and at what price you purchased it?
Response We have a plant capacity of 10 tonnes purchased at a price of Rs 30 lakhs.
Question What was your experience in the initial years of setup? What challenges did you face?

Response Just like many Pyrolysis plants in the city faced losses and shutdown their plant, we also
incurred huge loss in the initial years and it was difficult for us to survive.

But, we didn’t give up and adapted all the changes required to sustain in the market. We
installed all the pollution control system in our campus guided by the pollution control
authority. Eventually we developed a good market for our product and are now able to
procure raw material at a much economical price.

Question What Pollution control measures are required in the Plant?

Response Look, when plastic is burned it gets converted into gas that has carbon content. The
condenser cools down the temperature and converts gas into liquid. But, Some of the gas with
shorter hydrocarbon length doesn’t liquefy and remain in gaseous state; This gas is released
through a scrubber that absorbs the carbon content and release white smoke in the air thus
controlling carbon emission in air.
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM

Indian Institute of Petroleum is one of the leading

constituent laboratories of the Council of Scientific
& Industrial Research. Established in 1960, the
Institute is devoted to multidisciplinary areas of
research and development in the downstream
sector of hydrocarbon and related industry.

In 2014, IIP developed a unique process of

converting plastic waste like polyethylene and
polypropylene, both together accounting for 60 per
cent of plastic waste, can be
converted to either gasoline or diesel.

IIP’s technology also received a thumbs up from

the Indian Railways two years back in April 2015,
when then Railway Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan
announced that the Railways would set up plants to
manufacture diesel from plastic, which would be
used for mechanical traction.
GOVERNMENT PROVISIONS

Financial assistance is given for carrying out studies on waste to energy projects,
covering full costs of such studies

Tax Benefit is provided on Recycling based production and sales

Financial assistance is provided on the capital cost for demonstration projects that
are innovative in terms of generation of power from municipal/ industrial wastes

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has promoted the national programme
for the recovery of energy from industrial and urban
wastes, by providing various financial incentives.

Financial assistance is provided by way of interest subsidy in order to reduce the

rate of interest to 7.5%, capitalized with an annual discount rate of 12 %. The
assistance is routed through financial institutions (FIs)/ Lead FI of the project, etc.
ECONOMICAL BENEFITS OF RECYCLING
 OBJECTIVES
To raise awareness on plastic waste
To establish the basis for the
and its possible reuse for conversion
development and implementation of
into diesel or fuel. This could be
waste plastics recycling with the
generated and marketed at cheaper
application of environmentally sound
rates compared to that of the available
technologies
diesel or oil in the market.

To reduce the dependency on Gulf

Demonstrate Integrated Approach at
countries for fossil fuels, thereby
regional scale for recycle, recovery and
contributing to the economic growth
safe disposal concepts.
of the country.

Serve as venue for public awareness

To promote resource conservation and
and environmental education on
green house gases.
recycling
 Our Vision Is To Reduce The Dependency On
Fossil Fuels And To Increase The Use Of Fuel From Plastic.

To Provide Integrated Knowledge Driven Eco Solution And

Ensure Better Quality Of Life To Gen Next.
SOURCES & COLLECTION OF WASTE
PYROLYSIS PROCESS

A New Way To Bring Value To Materials

 LABORATORY WORK

DOMESTIC & MEDICAL CHOPPED

PLASTIC WASTE PLASTIC WASTE

LABORATORY SET UP FOR PYROLYSIS EXPERIMENT

AT CHEMISTRY LAB IN OUR SCHOOL
NITROGEN IS ADDED PLASTIC IS HEATED OIL IS PRODUCED

PLASTIC PYROLYSIS PROCESS

 PRODUCT

• Fuel for Burners
• Heavy Vehicles
• Diesel Generators
DIESEL
CHARCOAL
• Fuel for Burners
• Road Construction
• Cement Factory
• Water Purifiers
• Candle Making
FUEL GAS

FUEL OIL KEROSENE DIESEL PETROL CHARCOAL FUEL GAS

APPLICATION & FUTURE WORK

The oil produced is a

substitute for furnace The obtained fuel could
oil and LDO. be utilized in diesel
generators, vehicles
Carbon is used by such as tractors and
cement also passenger vehicles
industry and brick kilns such as cars.
as a fuel for firing.

Large or small scale

industries can be set up The fuel has to be
to produce fuel locally refined at the industrial
at much cheaper rates establishments, based
directly benefiting the on the results of which
National economy and small scale industry can
is also a step towards be established
SWAACH BHARAT by
recycling the waste
plastic.
 PACKAGING

Under innovative scheme we will become a participant of

Going Green. We would store all its gasoline in Suitable Portable Containers
They are reasonably robust
They are not liable to break under normal conditions of use
The escape of liquid or vapor is prevented
Oil can be poured safely from them
They are not unsteady when placed on a level surface.
LABELING
Following details should be mentioned on the packing;
Hazard warning sign “fuel” and “highly flammable”;
Like the nominal capacity in litres;
Manufacturer’s name;
Date and Month of manufacture.
 PRODUCTION PLAN

Land Area 3000 sq ft. / 280 sq meters.

(Plant and Warehouse)

Pyrolysis Plant 1 Machine Setup

Raw Material 10 Ton/ cycle

Labour 5-10 person

Power Requirement 20 KW

Water Supply As Required

Transportation Outsource

Packaging 5 liter. / 10 liter.

Process Brief For 1 KG Input And
The Yield Of Output -

Input Qty Kg Rate Amoun Output Qty (l) Rate Amoun

per Kg t (Rs) per t (Rs)
liter
Plastic 1.00 12.00 12.00 Petrol 0.600 37.50 22.50
Labour 5.00 Diesel 0.300 25.50 7.65

Service 2.50 Lube oil 0.100 15.00 1.50

charge
Total 1.00 19.50 1.00 31.65
 COST & PRICE

Production Capacity 10 tonnes

Total Capital Cost

Machine 25,00,000
Capital 1,50,000
Production Cost-

Working Capital 50,000 / month

Raw material 2,00,000 / month
Utilities 1,50,000
Profit % 20 – 25%
Output Price 30-40 Rs/ litre
 TARGETED MARKET
Diesel is used in Burners of Boilers, Furnaces, Hot Water, Hot Air Generators, Thermo Fluid Heater;
Electric Generators and Diesel Pumps.
Industries that use it are as follows:
•Hospitals
•Building material industries
•Dairy industry
•Petrochemical Industry
•Steel Factory
•Glass Factory

Charcoal is in demand by Road construction companies, Cement Factory, Water Purifier and Candle
producing firms.

Also the Fuel gas is used in Burners in different industries.

STEEL GLASS CEMENT BRICK

FACTORY FACTORY FACTORY FACTORY
PROMOTION
 SALES STRATEGY

It allows selling to It is the best tool for Trade shows offer

consumers anywhere, two-way budget friendly
anytime. It is communication. solutions to market
economical way. Salesman can provide your brand and sell
Having an online necessary information your product. It helps
presence helps makes to customer about to target new market
sure that potential company’s offer, and and consumers. New
customers find your also can collect relationships and
product information information from deeper connections
customer. Customer open channels for new
can actively involve sales leads.
with salesman to solve
his doubts and
objections
REGISTRATION AND LICENSE
Registeration with Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises

No License is required to sell the product, as it is considered as

Biosynthetic fuel, under India's National Policy on Biofuels

No objection Certificate from District Pollution Control Board

No objection Certificate from Municipal Corporation.

POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
Industry shall use clean fuel such as LPG/PNG during startup of the reactor.

Industry shall ensure that there are no leakage from reactor and piping, so as to
minimize fugitive emissions

The pyrolysis oil condensed from the vessel shall be collected in storage tanks
located in earmarked areas. The pipelines shall be equipped with floating valves so
as to avoid spillage due to overflow.

There shall not be spillage of pyrolysis oil in and around the factory premises.

Adequate fire fighting system shall be provided as per prevailing norms laid down by
competent authority

Industry shall prepare on site and off site disasters management plan which shall be
approved by competent authorities
 SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH WEAKNESS
• Waste plastic is • Unstable quality of end
converted into High product due to varied
Value climatic conditions
• No Pollution is emitted • Unauthorized waste
• Availability of Fuel at collector
lower price • Non acceptance by users
• Crude Oil & Gas can be being a product from
used for generation of waste
electricity • Low Profit margins

OPPORTUNITYS THREATS
• Sustained increasing • Competition from
market growth in renewable sources of
coming years energy
• Partner with reputed • Increased competition
company that has far • Strict pollution control
more marketing measures is required at
resources and sales end use
channel
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

CSR
 CONCLUSION
Plastics present a major threat to today's society and environment.
Though mankind has awoken to this threat and responded with
developments in creating degradable bio-plastics, there is still no
conclusive effort done to repair the damage already caused. In this
regard, the catalytic pyrolysis studied here presents an efficient, clean
and very effective means of removing the debris that we have left behind
over the last several decades.