Dr.

Pratibha Shakya
JR-II,Dept. Of Anatomy
IMS,BHU,Varanasi
 INTRODUCTION
 BRIEF HISTORY
 INFLUENCE OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT
 MODERN EMBALMING
 EMBALMING FLUID
 INJECTORS AND INJECTION METHODS
 EMBALMING INSTRUMENTS
 CHOICE OF VESSELS FOR EMBALMING
 EMBALMING TECHNIQUE
INTRODUCTION
 It is the art and science of
preserving dead human body by
treating them with chemicals and
making them suitable for public
display at funeral, for religious
reasons or for medical and scientific
reasons such as their use as
anatomical specimens.
THREE GOALS OF EMBALMING
 SANITIZATION
 PRESENTATION
 PRESERVATION
 HISTORY
 EMBALMING
HISTORY IN EGYPT-

400,000,000
BODIES WERE
MUMMIFIED
DURING THE
PERIOD FROM
6000 BC TO 600
AD
EMBALMING WAS CARRIED OUT
FOR TWO REASONS-
1) RELIGIOUS
2) SANITATION
METHOD OF EMBALMING DURING
EGYPTIAN PERIOD
 5 STEPS-
1) Removal of brain
2) Evisceration
3) Immersion in natron
4) Dehydration
5) Wrapping
EMBALMING IN OTHER
COUNTRIES
INFLUENCE OF SCIENTIFIC
DEVELOPMENT
 DURING THE DARK AGES IN EUROPE

 Dr. Frederick Raysch ( 1665-1717 )

 Dr. Thomas Holmes ( 1817-1900 )
 Dr. William Hunter ( 1718-1783 )
 Alexander Butlerov (1828-1866 ) and
Wilhelm Hofmann ( 1818-1892 )
MODERN EMBALMING
 The modern embalming is defined as the disinfection
and preservation of dead human body.
 Performed for 3 reasons-
1) Disinfection
2) Preservation
3) Restoration
 Mechanism of action of embalming process
 Steps to be preparation of embalming the body
EMBALMING FLUID
 EMBALMING CHEMICALS AND FLUID
COMPOSITION

 In our department- FORMALIN- 2 Litres

METHANOL- 4 Litres
GLYCERINE- 2 Litres
PHENOL- 1 Litre
TOTAL- 9 Litres
ADD WATER ACCORDING TO THE SIZE OF BODY
INGREDIENTS USED IN EMBALMING
1) PRESERVATIVES-
FORMALDEHYDE,GLUTERALDEHYDE
2) DISINFECTANTS- PHENOL, CRESOL, LYSOL
3) BUFFERS- BORIC ACID, SODIUM CARBONATE ,
MAGNESIUM CARBONATE, MONO AND
DISODIUM PHOSPHATE
4) ANTICOAGULANTS- CITRATES,OXALATES AND
FLUORIDES OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM
5) WETTING AGENTS-
GLYCERINE,GLYCOL,POLYOXYL STEARATE
6) MUSCLE RELAXANTS-
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE,TETRAPOTASSIUM
PYROPHOSPHATE
7) CRYSTALLOIDS-
SODIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM
CARBONATE,MERCURIC CHLORIDE
8) SEALING COMPOUNDS-
COLLODION IN ETHER OR
ALCOHOL, BENZOIN
9) DILUENTS- METHANOL
10)VEHICLE- WATER
11) PERFUMES- METHYL SALICYLATE,
OIL OF CLOVE, OIL OF LAVANDER
INJECTORS
GRAVITY INJECTOR MOTORIZED INJECTOR
 METHODS OF INJECTION
1) CONTINUOUS INJECTION AND
DRAINAGE
2) CONTINUOUS INJECTION WITH
DISRUPTED DRAINAGE
3) ALTERNATE INJECTION AND
DRAINAGE
4) DISCONTINUOUS INJECTION
AND DRAINAGE
EMBALMING INSTRUMENTS
CHOICE OF VESSELS FOR
EMBALMING
 COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
 SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
 AXILLARY ARTERY
 FEMORAL ARTERY
FEMORAL ARTERY
EMBALMING TECHNIQUE

 THE MODERN PRACTICE OF

EMBALMING UTILIZES THE SO
CALLED ARTERIAL EMBALMING
TECHNIQUE.
 CADAVER IS WASHED WITH ANTISEPTIC
SOLUTION

 RINSE THOROUGHLY WITH RUNNING WATER

 BODY IS SET IN ANATOMICAL POSITION

 NASAL AND ORAL CAVITIES PACKED WITH

COTTON
•INCISION IS MADE OVER FEMORAL TRIANGLE
•FEMORAL ARTERY IS LOCATED AND ISOLATED
• GIVE TWO NICKS IN THE ARTERY AND INSERT
THE CANNULAS .ONE DIRECTED UPWARD AND
ANOTHER DOWNWARDS
•HOLD THE CANNULA IN PLACE WITH THE
HELP OF THREAD
 CONNECT THE CANNULA WITH THE RUBBER
TUBE OF PERCOLATOR

 LIFT THE PERCOLATOR UPTO 2 mtrs AND FIX IT

 FLUID ENTERS THE VASCULAR SYSTEM DUE TO

PRESSURE GENERATED BY GRAVITY

 AFTER COMPLETION,CANNULAS ARE REMOVED

AND INCISION SUTURED

 LEFT THE BODY OVERNIGHT

 BODY IS SMEARED WITH PETROLEUM JELLY
AND WRAPPED IN COTTON BANDAGE.

 IT IS THEN SEALED IN POLYTHENE BAG AND

STORED TILL REQUIRED.
THANK YOU