Seminar on

ABRASIVE BLASTING
Navaneeth K
S5 Mechanical
16020534
Roll no 28
CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Abrasive blasting
3. Types of abrasive blasting
4. Equipments
5. Media
6. Safety
7. Advantages
8. Disadvantages
9. Application
10. Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION

 An abrasive is a material, often a mineral that is used to

shape or finish a work piece through rubbing which leads
to part of the work piece being worn away by friction
 In short, the Ceramics which are used to cut, grind and
polish other softer materials are known as Abrasives.
 Common, uses abrasives include grinding, polishing,
buffing, honing, cutting, drilling, sharpening, lapping, and
sanding (see abrasive machining). (For simplicity,
“mineral” in this article will be used loosely to refer to
both minerals and mineral-like substances whether man-
made or not.)
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What is abrasive blasting?

Abrasive blasting is the operation of forcibly propelling a stream of

abrasive material against a surface under high pressure to smooth a
rough surface, roughen a smooth surface, shape a surface, or remove
surface contaminants.
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Types

 Wet abrasive blasting

 Bead blasting
 Wheel blasting
 Hydro blasting
 Micro abrasive blasting
 Automated blasting
 Dry ice blasting
 Bristle blasting
 Vaccum blasting
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Sand blasting

Sandblasting or bead blasting is ageneric term for

the process ofsmoothing, shaping and cleaning
ahard surface by forcing solid particlesacross that
surface at high speeds; theeffect is similar to that
of usingsandpaper, but provides a more evenfinish
with no problems at corners orcrannies.
Sandblasting can occurnaturally, usually as a result
of particlesblown by wind causing aeolian erosion,
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Wet abrasive blasting

 One of the original pioneers of the wet abrasive (vapourmatting) process was Norman
Ashworth who found the advantages of using a wet process a strong alternative to dry blasting.
 Advantages include the ability to use extremely fine or coarse media with densities ranging
from plastic to steel and the ability to use hot water and soap to allow simultaneous degreasing
and blasting.
 Process speeds are generally not as fast as conventional dry abrasive blasting when using the
equivalent size and type of media, in part because the presence of water between the media
and the substrate being processed creates a lubricating cushion that can protect both the
surface and the media, reducing breakdown rates
 However wet blasting of mild steel will result in immediate or ‘flash’ corrosion of the blasted steel
substrate due to the presence of water. The lack of surface recontamination also allows the use
of single equipment for multiple blasting operations—e.g., stainless steel and mild steel items
can be processed in the same equipment with the same media without problems.
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Bead blasting

 Bead blasting is the process of removing surface deposits by applying fine glass beads at
a high pressure without damaging the surface
 Used to clean calcium deposits from pool tiles or any other surfaces
 remove embedded fungus, and brighten grout color. It is also used in auto body work to
remove paint. In removing paint for auto body work, bead blasting is preferred over sand
blasting, as sand blasting tends to create a greater surface profile than bead blasting.
Bead blasting is often used in creating a uniform surface finish on machined parts.[3] It is
additionally used in cleaning mineral specimens, most of which have a Mohs hardness of 7
or less and would thus be damaged by sand.
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Wheel blasting

 In wheel blasting, a spinning wheel propels the abrasive against an object.

 The size of the wheel blast machine, and the number and power of the wheels vary
considerably depending on the parts to be blasted as well as on the expected result and
efficiency.
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Hydro blasting

 Hydro blasting is not a form of abrasive blasting as no

abrasive media is used.
 Hydro-blasting, commonly known as water blasting, is
commonly used because it usually requires only one
operator. In hydro-blasting, a highly pressured stream of
water is used to remove old paint, chemicals, or
buildup without damaging the original surface
 This method is ideal for cleaning internal and external
surfaces because the operator is generally able to send
the stream of water into places that are difficult to
reach using other methods. Another benefit of hydro-
blasting is the ability to recapture and reuse the water,
reducing waste and mitigating environmental impact.
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Micro abrasive blasting

 Micro-abrasive blasting is dry abrasive blasting process that uses

small nozzles (typically 0.25 mm to 1.5 mm diameter) to deliver a
fine stream of abrasive accurately to a small part or a small area
on a larger part. Generally the area to be blasted is from about 1
mm2 to only a few cm2 at most. Also known as pencil blasting,
the fine jet of abrasive is accurate enough to write directly on
glass and delicate enough to cut a pattern in an eggshell.[5] The
abrasive media particle sizes range from 10 micrometres up to
about 150 micrometres. Higher pressures are often required.

 The most common micro-abrasive blasting systems are
commercial bench-mounted units consisting of a power supply
and mixer, exhaust hood, nozzle, and gas supply. The nozzle can
be hand-held or fixture mounted for automatic operation. Either
the nozzle or part can be moved in automatic operation.
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Bristle blasting

 Bristle blasting, unlike other blasting methods, does not require a separate blast media. The
surface is treated by a brush-like rotary tool made of dynamically tuned high-carbon steel
wire bristles. Repeated contact with the sharp, rotating bristle tips results in localized
impact, rebound, and crater formation, which simultaneously cleans and coarsens the
surface.
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Equipments

 Portable blast equipment

 Blast cabinet
 Blast room
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Portable blast equipment

 Mobile dry abrasive blast systems are typically powered by a

diesel air compressor. The air compressor provides a large
volume of high pressure air to a single or multiple “blast pots”.
Blast pots are pressurized, tank-like containers, filled with
abrasive material, used to allow an adjustable amount of
blasting grit into the main blasting line. The number of blast
pots is dictated by the volume of air the compressor can
provide. Fully equipped blast systems are often found
mounted on semi-tractor trailers, offering high mobility and
easy transport from site to site. Others are hopper-fed types
making them lightweight and more mobile.

 In wet blasting, the abrasive is introduced into a pressurized
stream of water or other liquid, creating a slurry. Wet blasting
is often used in applications where the minimal dust
generation is desired. Portable applications may or may not
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Wheel blasting
equipments
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Blast cabinet

 A blast cabinet is essentially a closed loop system

that allows the operator to blast the part and
recycle the abrasive.
 It usually consists of four components; the
containment the
abrasive blasting system, the abrasive recycling system
and the dust collection.
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Blast room

 A blast room is a much larger version of a

blast cabinet. Blast operators work inside
the room to roughen, smooth, or clean
surfaces of an item depending on the
needs of the finished product. Blast rooms
and blast facilities come in many sizes,
some of which are big enough to
accommodate very large or uniquely
shaped objects like rail cars, commercial
and military vehicles, construction
equipment, and aircraft
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MEDIA

1. Mineral:
egs: Garnet,silica sand
Sodium Bicarbonate,Dry ice
2 . Metallic:
 Steel shot
 stainless steel shot
 copper shot
 aluminum shot
 zinc shot.
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SAFETY

 Worker sandblasting without the use of proper personal protective equipment

 Worker sandblasting wearing full coverage protective gear.
 His face is covered with a bandana instead of a replaceable particulate filter respirator
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ADVANTAGES

 A WIDE RANGE OF USES

 Abrasive blasting is ideal for removing
 1) Rust
 2) Paint
 3) Graffiti
 4) Stains from timber
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Disadvantages

 Produce Noise
 Produce Dust
 Cause Lung Diseases
 Chance for accidents
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APPLICATION

 The lettering and engraving on most modern cemetery monuments and markers is
created by abrasive blasting.
 Sandblasting can be used to refurbish buildings or create works of art (carved or frosted
glass). Modern masks and resists facilitate this process, producing accurate results.
 Sandblasting techniques are used for cleaning boat hulls, as well as brick, stone, and
concrete work. Sandblasting is used for cleaning industrial as well as commercial
structures, but is rarely used for non-metallic workpieces
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CONCLUSION

 There are two major cleaning techniques, wet and dry. Where the cleaning technology
depends on the type of buildup materials that stored inside the space, and the surface material
type of confined space.
 As a conclusion it can be said, that the field of cleaning confined spaces and interior surfaces
formulates a number of specific requirements, which are not met by the existing commercial
products. So far, still lowering a worker inside the space is the most used technology and only
some special solutions in terms of robotic prototypes exist which are limited to a specific setup
or certain environments.
 Space is required between two flights due to arrangement of rolling conveyor for tumbling the
components. Because of the space components with thin section may trap between two
consecutive plates. This not only hinders movement of belt, but also reduces life of mill.
Eventually it leads to early failure of the mechanism. Requirements of the existing mechanism
and has to offer greater reliability. This can be achieved by designing a system which requires
less number of parts. So this also becomes a design constraint for new mechanism. Also along
with the new system, subsystems should also be design.
THANK YOU

Questions?