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Module 6

BONES, JOINTS &


MUSCLE INJURIES
What are the various
Bones, Joints & Muscle
Injuries?
General Signs & Symptoms
– Pain / Severe Pain
– Bruising
– Swelling
– Misshapen appearance and obvious deformity
– Exposed bone
– Pale, bluish skin
– Numbness further down the arm or leg
– Difficulty in movement / Loss of function
General Management of B.J.M. Injury

Rest
Immobilization
Cold Compression
Elevation
Dislocation
– It is the displacement
of a bone from its
normal position
– An injury w/c forces
bones out of their
sockets
– It is also known as
“luxation”.
Causes of Dislocation
– A fall / blow
– Sports Injury
– Rheumatoid arthritis
Fracture
• A broken or cracked bone
• Occurs when pressure is applied to bone
Causes of Fracture
– Fall
– Vehicular Accident
– People with underlying illness (osteoporosis)
Types of Fracture
First Aid Management
– Check victim’s ABC
– Keep victim still
– Prevent infection by covering the area with sterile
dressing before immobilizing
– Splint or sling the injury in the position which you
found it
– Apply ice to reduce pain / swelling
– Take steps to prevent shock
– Call EMS
Management for Fracture
Protect
Rest
Immobilization
Cold Compression
Elevation
Splinting
A method of immobilizing an injured part to
minimize movement and prevent further
injury.
Splint
It is a rigid device that is used to prevent
motion or maintain the position of an injured
body part and avoid further injury to affected
tissues, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, or
bone.
Kinds of Splints
• Rigid splint
– boards, poles, sticks, tree limbs, or folded cardboard.
• Soft splint
– thick shirt, a jacket, a towel, or a blanket to wrap around
and immobilize the affected body part.
• Anatomical splint
– makes use of a non injured body part to immobilize the
injured part.
General Principle of Splinting
• Splint the limb in the position that you found it.
• For open fractures, stop the bleeding and
protect the wound before splinting.
• In a suspected fracture of the middle of a long
bone and joint injuries, be sure to immobilize the
joints above and below the fracture.
• Pad all splints to prevent excessive pressure and
discomfort to the victim.
What NOT to do
× DO NOT move the victim before splinting
unless there is an immediate danger to
him/her or yourself.
× DO NOT try to straighten or re – align any
deformity.
× DO NOT tie knots directly over an injury.
Immobilization Technique
Triangular Bandage Wood Splints
• Arm Sling • Elbow (bended/Straight)
• Underarm Sling • Forearm
(w/swathe) • Leg
• Cuff Sling
• Shoe on Soft Splint
• Shoe off • Hips
Immobilization Technique
Arm Sling Underarm Sling w/ Swathe

Shoe On Shoe Off


Immobilization Technique

Elbow ; Knee
(straight/bend)

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