By: Ratna E. Januardi S.

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“Young children are most interested in harvesting. They love to sow seeds and observe them growing. The
growth of so many frail and tender plants gives great pleasure to the eye and to the mind”
(The Discovery of Child)
LEAF CABINET
THE OBJECTIVES:
 To give the child muscular impression of the
leaf shapes.
 To increase the child’s powers of observation.
 To make the child familiar with the many leaf
shapes found in nature.
 To extend the child’s knowledge of trees.
 To extend the child’s vocabulary.
PRESENTATION
 The cabinet: feel around the frame and find
the corresponding inset.
 The cards: macth the card with the puzzle,
start with the solid line, thick line and thin line.
FARMYARD ANIMAL FAMILY
The Objectives:
 To make the child aware of families of farmyard animals.

 To increase the child’s powers of observation.

 To extend the child’s knowledge of the natural environment.

 To extend the child’s vocabulary.

The Presentation:
 Ask the child if she knows what each one is.

 Tells the child something about each one.

 The child groups the animals into families.

 Teaching names of the animals using three period lesson.

PAIRING CARDS
Description of the material
 Collection of 6 to 8 pairs of pictures of animals or plants belonging to same groups,
Objectives
 To introduce a simple pairing exercise.
 To increase the child’s powers of observation.
 To prepare the child for future exercises in the classification of animal and plant
kingdoms.
 To extend visual memory.
 To extend the child’s vocabulary.
Presentation I
 shows the child how to pair them.

Presentation 2
 Using The Three Period Lesson, the teacher teaches the names of the things.

Presentation 3
 The teacher discusses the specific characteristic of individual species.
TERMINOLOGY CARDS
The objectives:
 To make the child aware of the component parts of flower.

 To increase the child’s powers of observation.

 To introduce the child to the function of these different parts.

 To prepare the child for the study of Biology.

 To extend the child’s vocabulary.

The Presentation
 Puzzle with control cards.

 The terminology cards: matching activity.

LIFE CYCLE
The Objectives:
•To make the child aware of the life cycles of the many different
kind
of living things.
•To discuss subjects like migration, hibernation, pollination, etc.
•To continue to make the child aware that living things are
interconnected
and that life is a never-ending cycle, even though individuals
die.
•To provide more practice at observation skills required for any
matching
activities.
•To extend the child’s vocabulary.
The Presentation:
• Place the life cycle in front of the child and discuss what is in
the sequence.
PHYLUM CHORDATA CLASSIFICATION
The Objectives:
 To introduce the child to the concept of animal
classification.
 To increase the child’s powers of observation.
 To extend the child’s vocabulary.
The presentation.
 Selects one card from each group and places them in a
line, with a space between each.
 Then proceeds to sort the remaining cards into the
appropriate groups.
 Invites the child to do the exercise.
“If the idea of the universe is presented to the child in the
right way, it will do more for him than just arouse his interest,
for it will create in him admiration and wonder”
(To Educate The Human Potential – Maria Montessori).
AIR, LAND, AND WATER BOXES
The Objectives:
 To give the child concrete experience of the fact that the Earth is made
of land (soil), water and air.
 To give the child the opportunity to learn through activity.

The Presentation:
 Asks the child to get a little soil into the brown bottle and look at it.

 Asks the child to put a little water in the blue bottle.

 Asks the child to look at the air bottle, and explains that although it
looks empty, there is air in it.
 Summarizes that we live on the earth. The earth is made of three
things, i.e. land, water and air.
 takes out the folder of pictures of air, water and land, selects one from
each set and lays them out in a row.
LAND AND WATER FORM
The Objectives
 To give the child introduction to land and water forms.

 To make the child aware of the existence of these forms.

 Preparation of later systematic study of physical geography.

 To refine eye-hand co-ordination.

The Presentation:
1. Show how to make a lake and an island.
2. Using terminology cards
3. Match the land and water form with the cards.
LAND AND WATER GLOBE
The Objectives:
 To introduce the child to the concept of earth as a sphere.

 To introduce the child to the fact that the earth is made of land and
water and air.
 To give the child sensorial impression of land and water.

The Presentation:
1. Tell the name of the globe.

2. Tell the rough and the smooth part.

3. Use three period lesson to teach the name of land and water.
CONTINENTAL GLOBE
The Objectives:
 To introduce the child to the concept of earth being divided into
continents.
 To give the child the concept of the shapes of the land masses.

 To introduce the names of the continents.

 To introduce the continent where the child lives.

 With older children the concepts of the equator and the north and
south poles can be introduced.
The Presentation:
1. Teach the names of the continent and tell about it. And teach about
the poles and equator.
2. Teach the names of the ocean.
TRANSITION TO FLAT MAPS
The Objectives:
 To show the child that the flat map is like
the globe, because it gives a flat picture of
the Earth.
The Presentation:
1. Show how to flatten the plastic globe.
2. Tell that the flat map is like the globe
because it gives us a flat picture of the
earth.
PUZZLE MAP OF THE WORLD

The Objectives
•To introduced the knowledge of positions of the
continents.
•To teach the names of the continents
•To reinforce the knowledge of positions of the
continents.
The Presentation:
1. Transfer the continents to the control map.
2. Match the continents with the continental globe.
3. Three period lesson to teach the name of the
continent.
CONTINENTAL PROJECT AND COUNTRY PROJECT

The Objectives:
1. To give the child more awareness about a continent.
2. To give the children a broad sensorial experience of a
continent.
The Presentation:
1. Display all the materials and the map of the continent .
2. Discuss each object.
3. Discuss more about the people, the dance, etc.
ANIMALS OF THE WORLD

The Objectives:
1. To make the child aware of the natural home of many of
the animals he may have seen in the zoo.
2. To connect geography with biology.
3. To expand the child’s vocabulary.
4. To encourage discussion about the natural habitat and the
preservation of endangered species.
The Presentation:
1. Place the animal on the correct part.
2. Discuss about the animal.
3. Label the names of the animals.
CONTINENTAL FOLDER
The Objectives
 To introduce the child to various aspects of a continent.
The Presentation
 This is an individual or a group presentation done at a table or a floor mat.
 The teacher gets out a folder containing information about a continent.
 She shows the map of the continent and names it.
 She discusses the pictures with the child. Each picture should have a caption on the back
giving a brief description.
 The folders of other continents are presented in similar way on different days.
ISOLATION MAP

The Objectives
•To give the child greater knowledge of a
particular Continent or Country.
The Presentation:
1. Transfer the inset to the control map.
2. Introduce the name of the country
using three period lesson.
THE FLAGS
The Objectives:
 To introduce the child to the flags of some
countries in the world.
The Presentation:
1. Ask the child to take the flag of his country
and teacher takes the flag of the school
located.
2. Discuss the color of the flag.
3. Use three period lesson to name the country
of the flag.
MAPPING GAME
The Objectives:
 To give the child a sensorial introduction
to principles of mapping.
 To give the child opportunities for spatial
orientation.
 To learn to work from photographs and
elevations (gradual progression from the
concrete to the abstract representation.
 To develop the child’s skills of
observation.
The Presentation:
1. Set the map.
2. Discuss the features that already there.
3. Build a town with sets of house toys.
4. Ask the child to build the same town on
his map.
DIRECTIONS OF THE COMPASS
The Objectives
 To give the child opportunities to handle the compass in the
environment.
 To show the child how the direction is identified.

 To introduce the language and written symbols.

 To learn how to read the compass.

The presentation:
 Show the north pole and the south pole.

 Show the compass and show the red line(N).

 Show that the south is always opposite.

 Explain if we face north, east is on the right and west is on the left.
SOLAR SYSTEM
The Objectives
 To introduce the child to the Solar System.

 To make him aware of the unique of the Earth.

 To teach him the names and sequence of the planets.

 To introduce the concept of the Planets orbiting the Sun.

 To communicate and share with the child a sense of wonder about the
planets and the solar system.
The Presentation:
1. Use terminology cards.

2. Give the information about the planets.

3. Three period lesson to teach the name of the planets.

STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
The Objectives:
 To introduce the child to the structure of the
Earth.
 To prepare the child for later study of
Geography.
 To reinforce the child’s knowledge about the
creation of the Earth.
 To teach the names of the parts of the
Earth.
The Presentation:
1. Use the globe.
2. Use the terminology cards.
3. Use three period lesson to teach the name
of each layer.
STRUCTURE OF A VOLCANO
The Objectives:
 To introduce the child to the structure of the
Earth.
 To prepare the child for later study of
Geography.
 To reinforce the child’s knowledge about the
creation of the Earth.
 To teach the names of the parts of the
Earth.
The presentation:
1. Use terminology card of a volcano to show
each part of the volcano.
2. Use three period lesson to teach the name
of each part.
THE PASSAGE OF TIME
The Objectives
 to give the children initial sense of how
long the basic units of time are.
Presentation: Hour-Glass
 The teacher invites the children to sit in a
circle.
 She shows the hour-glass and tells them that it
is called hour-glass.
 She then turns over the hour-glass and asks
them to observe the falling sand in the hour
glass.
 She explains that the falling sand of the glass
is like a clock. The sand takes exactly one
minute to completely fall through.
 She asks the children to close their eyes and
turns over the hour-glass again. She asks them
to open their eyes when one minute is up.
Presentation: Egg-Timer
 The teacher introduces the egg-timer on a
successive day in similar way.
 The timers are then placed on the shelf for
investigation.
THE LANGUAGE OF TIME

The Objectives The Presentation

 to give the children  This is a group
common vocabulary of presentation
the passage of time.  The teacher takes every
opportunity to draw
child’s attention to the
time of the day, e.g. it’s
12 o’clock, it’s time for
lunch.
LINEAR CALENDAR
The Objectives
 to create initial sense of calendar as a
device for recording the passage of days.
The Presentation
 This is a group presentation. The teacher
brings the calendar sheet and the marker.
She tells the children what the calendar is
used for.
 She then points out the month and the date
and says that they represent today. She then
shows the day.
 She records the weather. She pins it out on
the wall.
 She continues on the successive days. At
the end of the month, she counted how
many sunny/rainy days.
STANDARD CALENDAR
Description of Material
 A wooden calendar with the dates hooked.

Objectives
 to create initial sense of calendar as a device for recording the passage of days.

Presentation
 This is a group presentation

 The teacher organizes the duty chart for different children to put the date on the
wooden calendar every day.
 She links it to today is……, yesterday was……, tomorrow will be………

 She invites the children to repeat after her. She pins it out on the wall.

 She continues on the successive days. She assigns a job chart for different children
to put the dates on the wooden calendar everyday.
THE BIRTHDAY GAME
Description of Material
 A reading card with the name of the game written on it.
 Small labels (2 x 3 cm) with the following text on individual cards.
 My age( for the child whose birthday it is sister’s age, brother’s age, mother’s age,
grandfather’s age, teacher’s age, grandmother’s age.
 Golden beads units and bars.
 A mat.
Objectives
 To give the child concrete representation of the process of ageing.
 To give the child practice working with golden beads.
Presentation
 The teacher explains that the game is being played because it is the child’s birthday and
this game is called “How old am I and how old are the members of my family?”
 She puts the heading card at the top of the mat.
 She finds the card which says: My age for the birthday child, and places it to the left of the
mat below the heading card.
 She invites the child to put as many golden beads the card as his age.
 She then proceeds to ask about the ages of all his relatives, and invites him to put
appropriate golden beads below the cards.
 CHILD’S OWN TIMELINE
TO ALLOW THE CHILD TO SEE THE CHANGES WHICH OCCUR AS HE IS GROWING OLDER.
TO GIVE THE CHILD AN OPPORTUNITY TO SEE CONCRETE REPRESENTATION OF THE PASSAGE OF TIME.

1 DAY 6 MONTHS 1 YR OLD 2 YR OLD

TIME RECOGNITION
Objectives
 To introduce time telling.
 To help the child with the understanding
of time.
 To teach the child how to tell time.
The presentation
 Show how the clock works starting with
12 o’clock where the long and small
hands are together.
 Explain it.
PREHISTORIC TIMELINE
1ST PRESENTATION: THE BLACK TIMELINE
2ND PRESENTATION: COLOURED TIMELINE
3RD PRESENTATION: THE INDIVIDUAL ERA

PROTEROZOIC PALAEOZOIC MESOZOIC CENOZOIC

SCIENCE

 ANIMATE AND INANIMATE BOXES

 FLOATING AND SINKING

 AIR HAS WEIGHT

 MAKING A RAINBOW

 MAGNETS

 Etc.
THANK YOU