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Definitions
What is a curriculum?
• A course of study
• A sequence of courses/projects
• A set of performance objectives
• Content
• That which is taught in school/org
• A set of materials
• Everything that goes on within the school/org including extra-class
activities, guidance, and interpersonal relationships
• Everything that is planned by school/org personnel
• A series of experiences undergone by learners in school/org
• That which an individual learner experiences as a result of schooling/org
participation
Curriculum is:
Albert Oliver…
Curriculum is an educational program with four basic
elements
1. The program of studies
2. The program of experiences
3. The program of services
4. The hidden curriculum
Robert Gagne…
Curriculum encompasses
1. Subject matter (content)
2. Statement of ends (end objectives)
3. The sequencing of content
4. Preassessment of entry skills
Hass… the curriculum is all of the experiences that individual
learners have in a program of education whose purpose is to
achieve broad goals and related specific objectives, which is
planned in terms of a framework of theory and research or
past and present professional practice.
OR
Applies scientific methods and principles to the
task of curriculum development.
Assumptions:
• Reality is definable
• The goals of education are knowable
• A linear, objective process will yield a useful
documents and high quality plans
--->
Deductive Process
• Top down
• Extensive administrator involvement
• Starts by examining broader questions/purposes
of education and societal needs before addressing
the classroom level
Key authors: Tyler, Hass, Hunkins, WIDS
--->
Inductive Process
• Bottom up
• Curriculum development
by classroom teachers
• Starts by developing individual units which
will be assembled into a cohesive program
Key author: Taba
Tyler Model
(Ornstein & Hunkins, 1993,j p. 267-8; Wiles & Bondi, 1989, p. 10)
--->
7. Plan quality learning experiences
• Select experiences not content to be learned
8. Develop course examination
• Tell how learning will be documented (not
test development)
9. Develop learning scenarios
10. Package the product