By

Khalif Mubarok, S.Pd

 Have you ever used your thumb to
control the water flowing from the
end of a hose?
 W h e n the end of the a hose is partially closed off, thus
reducing its cross-sectional area, the fluid velocity
increase.
Fluid (liquid or gas) flow faster at a narrow passage and
slower at a broad passage.
(The law of continuity)
Why do planes fly?
In a steady flow of a fluid, the pressure of the fluid decreases when the
velocity of the fluid increases.

Fluid consist of liquid or gas

A fluid can also change its
height. By looking at the work
done as it moves, we find:

This is Bernoulli’s equation.

One thing it tells us is that as
the speed goes up, the pressure
goes down.
Observation EXPLANATION

Velocity of fluid at a narrow passage is

faster than at a broad passage.

As the velocity increases, the pressure

decreases (Bernoulli’s Principle)
Observation EXPLANATION

Where there is a tank leak, the flow

velocity that comes out is very fast and the
distance of falling water depends on the
height of the hole that leaked from above
the ground.

As the velocity increases, the pressure

decreases (Bernoulli’s Principle)
Observation Explanation
Liquid flow As the tube narrows, the fluid flows
more quickly and correspondingly,
pressure in the narrow section
decrease, therefore the water level is
low.

Gas flow As air is blown through a tube as

shown in the figure on the left, the
region in the narrow section has a
lower pressure. The external
atmospheric pressure pushes the water
to its highest level in this section.
Water level at C is lower than at A
because as air flows, pressure
decreases.
 Venturi Tube

Observe the liquid level and the

pressure difference in the 3 tubes.
 Evidence of Bernoulli’s Principle in our daily lives
Observation Explanation
As air is blown across the top of a piece
of paper, air flows at high speed and this
creates a region of low pressure across
the top of the paper. The still air beneath
the paper is at a higher pressure and a
net upwards force lifts the paper.

As air is blown vigorously between two

sheets of paper held vertically, air flows
at high speed and this creates a region of
low pressure between the two sheets of
papers. The outside air the paper which
is at a higher pressure presses the two
sheets of papers together.
OBSERVATION Explanation
As air is blown vigorously between two
ping pong balls, air flows at high speed
and this creates a region of low pressure
between the two balls. The outside air
the balls which is at a higher pressure
presses the two balls together.

As air is blown out from the pipe, air

flows at high speed and this creates a
region of low pressure across the top of
the pipe. The still air around the ball is
at a higher pressure and pushes on the
ball and causes it to stay in the air.
OBSERVATION Explanation
As the wing of a car or a bird moves
forward, the air flows at higher speed
on top of the wing and this creates a
region of low pressure on top of the
wing. The slower air flow beneath the
wing has a higher pressure. The
difference in pressure produces a net
force that pushes the wing up.

The shape of the wing is called

Aerodynamic.
 APPLICATION OF BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE IN OUR
DAILY LIVES
Observation Explanation
Insecticide sprayer / When the plunger is pushed in, the air
Perfume sprayer flows at a high velocity through a nozzle.
The flow of air at high velocity creates a
region of low pressure just above the
metal tube. The higher pressure acts on
the surface of the liquid insecticide
causing it to rise up the metal tube. The
insecticide leaves the top of the metal
tube through the nozzle as a fine spray.
Observation Explanation
Carburetor The air flows past a choke valve, which
controls the quantity of air, into a
narrow a section of the carburetor
where the air velocity increases.

Aerodynamic shape of a car :

i.Creates an upward force that lifts the
car up.
ii. Reduces air friction (less drag)

Theses enable the car to move forward

faster.
 QUESTION
1. An aircraft wing has an area of 10 m2, flowing air whose density is 1,2 kg/m3. If the
air velocity at the bottom of the plane is 30 m/s and over the wing 40 m/s,
determine the lift force on the wing of the aircraft?
2. The position of a large pipe is 6 m above the ground and a small pipe is 1 m above
the ground. The speed of water flow in large pipes is 72 km/h with a pressure of
25,5 x 105 pa. If the area ratio A1: A2 = 3: 1, what is the speed of the water flow in
the small pipe?
1. Dik: A = 10 m2
P = 1,2 Kg/m3
V1= 30 m/s
V2 = 40 m/s
Dit : F?
Ans:
F=1/2.P.A(V22 – V12)
F= 1/2. 1,2. 10 (302- 402)
F= 6 (1600-900)
F= 6(700)
F= 4200 N
2 . dik : P1 = 6

P2 = 1 m

V1 = 72 km/h atau 20 m/s

A1 : A2 = 3:1

dit : V2?

ans:

A1. V1 = A2. V2

3.20 = 1. V2

60 = V2

V2 = 60 m/s
“Life is not too stressful, because higher pressure will slow down the speed
of our activity”

“Hidup jangan terlalu tertekan, sebab tekanan besar akan memperlambat

kecepatan aktivitas kita”