A Land of Bamboo and Bronze

 Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is

a subregion of Asia, consisting of the
countries that are geographically south
of China, east of India, west of New
Guinea and north of Australia.
 Mainland Southeast Asia, also known
historically as Indochina,
comprising Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailan
d, Myanmar (Burma), and West Malaysia.
 Maritime Southeast Asia, also known
historically as the East Indies and Malay
Archipelago, comprising Indonesia, East
Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, East
Timor, Brunei, Christmas Island, Andaman
and Nicobar Islands, and Cocos (Keeling)
Islands.
 Area: 4,493,944 km2(1,735,121 sq mi)
 Population (2016): 641,775,797
 Population rank: 3rd (World)
 There are more ethnic groups than there are
states, however-mainland Southeast Asia
alone is home to more than 140 named
ethnic groups.
 Many aspects of Southeast Asian life –
agricultural, ritual, and festive- are shaped by
broad weather patterns called monsoons.
 Aristocratic courts were the long time patrons
of the arts.
Highly sophisticated “classical” music developed
 Music was largely found in the rural areas.
 Music making is necessarily simpler.
 In countries with developed media, this type
of music reaches into the most remote areas.
 Southeast Asia is especially known for two
instrument-making materials.
 Bronze (made from naturally occuring metals
copper and tin.
 Most of the Bronze made instruments can be classified
as Idiophones.
 It also include non-idiophones, especially drums
 Bamboo
 Widespread use of bamboo because of Southeast
Asia’s tropical climate.
 Vietnam stretches “dragon-like” along with
the South China sea.
 Two major rivers: Red River in the North,
Maekhong River, which splits into nine
branches and flows through the endless rice
fields of the southern delta.
 Three distinct regions: the north, the center,
and the south.
 Traditional Vietnamese music is highly
diverse and syncretistic, combining native
and foreign influences. Throughout its
history, Vietnam has been most heavily
influenced by the Chinese musical tradition,
as an integral part, along
with Korea, Mongolia and Japan. The
former Indochinese kingdom of Champa also
exerted some influence (albeit more minor
when compared to China) on Vietnam's
traditional music.
 Hanoi (Capital of Vietnam)
◦ The country’s ancient capital and the locale for
several important kinds of music, including the
music of the distinctive water-puppet theatre.
 Ensemble of gongs are relatively common
among upland Vietnam’s ethnic groups.
 Gong ensembles typically play for funerals
and thus have a strong association with the
afterlife.
 A type of chamber music ensemble from
southern Vietnam.
 Gathering of amateur instrumentalists who
play more for their own enjoyment than for
others.
 It is the most popular form of imperial court
music, specifically referring to the court
music played from the Trần dynasty to the
very last Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam, being
synthesized and most highly developed by
the Nguyễn emperors.
 Classical music is also performed in honour
of gods and scholars such as Confucius in
temples.
 Chèo is a form of generally satirical musical
theatre, often encompassing dance,
traditionally performed by peasants in
northern Vietnam.
 Xẩm or Hát xẩm (Xẩm singing) is a type of
Vietnamese folk music which was popular in
the Northern region of Vietnam but is
considered nowadays an endangered form of
traditional music in Vietnam.
 Quan họ (alternate singing) is popular in Hà
Bắc (divided into nowadays Bắc Ninh and Bắc
Giang provinces) and across Vietnam;
numerous variations exist, especially in the
Northern provinces. Sung a cappella, quan
họ is improvised and is used in courtship
rituals.
 Hát chầu văn or hát văn is a spiritual form of
music used to invoke spirits during
ceremonies. It is highly rhythmic and trance-
oriented. Before 1986, the Vietnamese
government repressed hát chầu văn and other
forms of religious expression.
 Nhạc dân tộc cải biên is a modern form of
Vietnamese folk music which arose in the
1950s after the founding of the Hanoi
Conservatory of Music in 1956. This
development involved writing traditional
music using Western musical notation, while
Western elements
of harmony and instrumentation were added.
 Ca trù (also hát ả đào) is a popular folk music
which is said to have begun with Ả Đào, a
female singer who charmed the enemy with
her voice. Most singers remain female, and
the genre has been revived since the
Communist government loosened its
repression in the 1980s, when it was
associated with prostitution.
 "Hò" can not be thought of as the southern
style of Quan họ. It is improvisational and is
typically sung as dialogue between a man and
woman. Common themes include love,
courtship, the countryside, etc.
 Nhạc đám ma - funeral music
 Nhạc lễ - court music
 Đàn bầu (monochord zither)
 Đàn gáo (two-stringed fiddle with coconut
body)
 Đàn nguyệt (two-stringed fretted moon lute)
 Đàn nhị (two-stringed fiddle with hardwood
body)
 Đàn sến (two-string fretted lute)
 Đàn tam (fretless lute with snakeskin-covered
body and three strings)
 Đàn tam thập lục (hammered dulcimer)
 Đàn tranh (long zither)
 Đàn tỳ bà (pear-shaped four-stringed fretted
lute)
 Kèn bầu (oboe)
 T'rưng (bamboo xylophone)
 K'ni (also spelled k'ny or k'ný) - one-string
vertical fiddle with a resonating disc that is
held in the player’s mouth; played by the Jarai
people of the Central Highlands
Dha Nhi
Dan Tam
Dhan Nguyet
Dhan Sen
Ken bau
Dan ty ba
T ru ng
Dan Bau
 formerly known as Siam, is a country at the
centre of thIndochinese
peninsula in Southeast Asia.
 total area of approximately
513,000 km2 (198,000 sq mi)
 Thailand is the world's 50th-largest country.
 capital and most populous city of
the Kingdom of Thailand. It is known
in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon. The city
occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres
(605.7 sq mi) in the Chao Phraya River delta
in Central Thailand, and has a population of
over 8 million, or 12.6 percent of the
country's population
 The music of Thailand reflects its geographic position
at the intersection of China and India, and reflects
trade routes that have historically included Persia,
Africa, Greece and Rome. Thai musical instruments
are varied and reflect ancient influence from far afield
- including the klong thap and khim (Persian origin),
the jakhe (Indian origin), the klong jin (Chinese
origin), and the klong kaek (Indonesian origin).
Though Thailand was never colonized by colonial
powers, pop music and other forms of
modern Asian, European and American music have
become extremely influential. The two most popular
styles of traditional Thai music are luk thung and mor
lam the latter in particular has close affinities with
the music of Laos.
 The most common and iconic Thai classical music that
symbolizes the dancing of the Thailand's legendary
dragons, a midsized orchestra including two xylophones
(ranat), an oboe (i), barrel drums (klong) and two circular
sets of tuned horizontal gong-chimes (khong wong
lek and khong wong yai). Piphat can be performed in
either a loud outdoor style using hard mallets
 There are several types of piphat ensembles ranging in
size and orchestration, each kind typically being
associated with specific ceremonial purposes. The highly
decorated piphat ensemble that features the ornately
carved and painted semicircular vertical gong-chime is
traditionally associated with the funeral and cremation
ceremonies of the Mon ethnic group. Different versions of
the piphat ensemble are employed to accompany specific
forms of traditional Thai drama such as the large shadow
puppet theater (nang yai) and the khon dance drama.
 originally titled as Kaavyam Ramayanam Kritsnam
Sitaayaas Charitham Mahat,[2] is an ancient
Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the
divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the
demon king Ravana. Along with the Mahabharata, it
forms the Sanskrit Itihasa.
 The epic, traditionally ascribed to
the Hindu sage Valmiki, narrates the life of Rama, the
legendary prince of the Kosala Kingdom. It follows his
banishment from the kingdom by his father
King Dasharatha, his travels across forests in India
with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, the
kidnapping of his wife by Ravana, the demon king
of Lanka, resulting in a war with him, and Rama's
eventual return to Ayodhya to be crowned king.
 The Ramayana is one of the largest ancient epics in world
literature. It consists of nearly 24,000 verses (mostly set in
the Shloka meter), divided into seven Kandas (books) and about
500 sargas (chapters). In Hindu tradition, it is considered to be
the adi-kavya (first poem). It depicts the duties of relationships,
portraying ideal characters like the ideal father, the ideal servant,
the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal
king. Ramayana was an important influence on
later Sanskri poetry and Hindu life and culture.
Like Mahabharata, Ramayana is not just a story: it presents the
teachings of ancient Hindu sages in narrative allegory,
interspersing philosophical and ethical elements. The
characters Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Bharata, Hanuman, Shatrughn
a, and Ravana are all fundamental to the cultural consciousness
of India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and south-east Asian countries such
as Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesia.