CHAPTER 5

ANGLE MODULATION AND

DEMODULATION

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 Figure 5.1 Concept of instantaneous frequency.

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 Figure 5.2 Phase and frequency modulation are equivalent and interchangeable.

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 Figure 5.3 Generalized phase modulation by means of the filter H(s) and recovery of the message
from the modulated phase through the inverse filter 1/H(s).

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 Figure 5.4 FM and PM waveforms.

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 Figure 5.5 FM and PM waveforms.

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 Figure 5.6 Estimation of FM wave bandwidth.

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 Figure 5.7 (a) Variations of Jn (β) as a function of n for various values of β. (b) Tone modulated FM wave spectrum.

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 Figure 5.8 (a) Narrowband PM generator. (b) Narrowband FM signal generator.

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 Figure 5.9 (a) Hard limiter and bandpass filter used to remove amplitude variations in FM wave. (b) Hard limiter input-output characteristic.
(c) Hard limiter input and the corresponding output. (d) Hard limiter output as a function of θ.

Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems Lathi Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 5.10 Block diagram of the Armstrong indirect FM transmitter.

Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems Lathi Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 5.11 Designing an Armstrong indirect modulator.

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 Figure 5.12 (a) FM demodulator frequency response. (b) Output of a differentiator to the input FM wave.
(c) FM demodulation by direct differentiation.

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 Figure 5.13 (a) RC high-pass filter. (b) Segment of positive slope in amplitude response

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 Figure 5.14 Effect of interference in PM, FM, and FM with preemphasis-deemphasis (PDE).

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 Figure 5.15 Preemphasis-deemphasis in an FM system.

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 Figure 5.16 (a) Preemphasis filter and (b) its frequency
response. (c) Deemphasis filter and (d) its frequency response.

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 Figure 5.17 Superheterodyne receiver.

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 Figure 5.18 (a) FM stereo transmitter. (b) Spectrum of a baseband stereo signal. (c) FM stereo receiver.

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 Figure 5.19

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 Figure 5.19 FM and PM signals in the time and frequency domains.

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 Figure 5.20 Signals at the demodulator: (a) after differentiator; (b) after rectifier.

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 Figure 5.21 FM modulation and demodulation: (a) original message; (b) recovered signal.

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 Figure P.5.1-1

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 Figure P.5.1-2

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 Figure P.5.1-3

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 Figure P.5.1-5

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 Figure P.5.4-1

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 Figure P.5.4-2

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