Group Discussion on

Determinants and
Indicators of Health
INTRODUCTION
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
 BIOLOGICAL DETERMINENTS
 BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIO-
CULTURAL CONDITIONS
 ENVIRONMENT
 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
 HEALTH SERVICES
 AGING OF THE POPULATION
 GENDER
INDICATORS OF HEALTH
 INDICATORS OF HEALTH
 Mortality indicators
 Morbidity indicators
 Disability rates
 Nutritional status indicators
 Health care delivery indicators
 Utilization rates
 Indicators of social and mental health
 Environmental indicators
 Socio-economic indicators
 Health policy indicators
 Indicators of quality of life ,and
 Other indicators
 MORTALITY INDICATORS
 Crude death rate
 Expectation of life
 Infant mortality rate
 Child mortality rate
 Under-5 proportionate mortality rate
 Maternal (puerperal) mortality rate
 Disease-specific mortality rate
 Proportional mortality rate
 MORBIDITY INDICATORS

 incidence and prevalence

 notification rates
 attendance rates at out-patient
departments, health centers, etc
 admission, readmission and discharge
rates
 duration of stay in hospital and
 spells of sickness or absence from
work or school
 DISABILITY RATES

 event-type indicators:
 Number of days of restricted

activity
 Bed disability days

 Work-loss days (or school loss

days) within a specified period

 person-type indicators

 Limitation of mobility

 Limitation of activity
 Sullivan’s index
 This index (expectation of life free of
disability) is computed by subtracting
from the life expectancy the probable
duration of bed disability and
inability to perform major activities,
according to cross- sectional data
from the population surveys.
 NUTRITIONAL STATUS
INDICATORS
 anthropometric measurements of
preschool children , e.g., weight and
height, mid arm circumference;
 Heights (and sometimes weights) of
children at school entry; and
 Prevalence of low birth weight (less than
2.5 Kg.)
 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
INDICATORS
 Doctor-population ratio
 Doctor-nurse ratio
 Population –bed ratio
 Population per health /sub centre
 Population per traditional birth
attendant
INDICATORS OF SOCIAL AND
MENTAL HEALTH
ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
 SOCIO-ECONOMIC
INDICATORS
 Rate of population increase
 Per capita GNP
 Level of unemployment
 Dependency ratio
 Literacy rates, especially female literacy
rates
 Family size
 Housing: the number of persons per room
 Per capita “calorie” availability
HEALTH POLICY INDICATORS
INDICATORS OF QUALITY OF
LIFE
OTHER INDICATORS SERIES

 Social Indicators
 Basic needs indicators

 Health for all indicators

 Millennium Development Goal

Indicators
Thank you