MEANING OF CO-ORDINATION

• According to Henry Fayol “ to co-ordinate is to

harmonize all the activities of a concern so as to
facilitate its working and its success”
• The act or state of coordinating or of being coordinated.
• Proper order or relationship.
• Harmonious combination or interaction, as of functions
or parts.
 NATURE AND CHARACHTERISTICS
OF CO-ORDINATION

• Co-ordination is not a distinct function but the very essence of

management.
• It is a basic responsibility of management.
• Co-ordination does not arises spontaneously or by force.
• Heart of co-ordination is the unity of efforts and action.
• Co-ordination is a continuous or an on going process.
• Co-ordination is required in group efforts not in individual effort.
• Co-ordination is the responsibility of each and every manager.
 NEED FOR CO-ORDINATION

Increase in size
Clash of Different
and complexity Specialization
interests. outlook
of operations.

Personal
Interdependence
Conflicts Empire-building jealousies and
of units
rivalries.
 Advantages of co-ordination

Efficiency and effectiveness

Good human relations

Unity of direction

Essence of management
Types of co-ordination

Internal and external coordination

Vertical and horizontal co-ordination

Procedural and substantive co-ordination

 Principles of co-ordination
Direct • Coordination is best achieved through direct personal
contact with people. Direct face to face contact
contact communication is most effective.

• Coordination can be achieved more easily in early stages of

planning and policy making.
Early start • Plans should be based on mutual participation. Early
coordination also improves the quality of plans.

Reciprocal • It states that all factors in a given situation are

interdependent and interrelated.
• When People appreciate reciprocity of relations, they
relationship avoid unilateral action and coordination becomes easier.

Continuity • It is an on-going or never ending process. Sound

coordination resolves conflicts as it arises.
 TECHNIQUES OF CO-
ORDINATION
Effective
Simplified Voluntary co-
Sound planning leadership and
organization ordination
supervision

Effective Chain of Indoctrination Liaison

communication command and incentives departments

General staff
 Co-ordination vs. Cooperation
Basis Coordination Cooperation

• MEANING • Orderly arrangement of • Mutual help willingly.

group efforts.
• PROCESS • Performed by top • Perform by persons at
management. any level.
• REQUIREMENTS • It is required by • Emotional in nature.
employees at work
irrespective of their work.
• Establish formal and
• RELATIONSHIP • Establishes informal
informal relationships.
relationship.
• Planned and interested
• FREEDOM • Depends upon the sweet
by central authority.
will of the individuals.
• It seeks wholehearted
• It is fruitless without
• SUPPORT support from various
coordination. It lead to
people working at various
unbalanced
levels.
developments
Coordination as the Essence of
Management
"Co-ordination is the
Essence of Management."
The meaning of this
sentence implies,
Coordination affects all
the functions of
management. In other
words, Co-ordination
affects Planning,
Organizing, Staffing,
Directing,
Communication, Leading,
Motivating and
Controlling.
THANK YOU

Made by:
Ananya Agrawal-2011
Diptesh De-2113
Submitted to: Mr Kanwaljeet Sir