THE

PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION
1896
 THE PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION 1896
• The Philippine Revolution began in 1896 and really ended only in
1901.
• At first, it was a war of independence against the Spain.
• Later, it turned into a war of independence against the United
States.
• The first part of revolution was a success.
• Many of our best heroes were killed during the revolution.
 THE REVOLUTION BEGINS
• After the discovery of the Katipunan, Bonifacio gathered his men in the hills of Balintawak.
• Balintawak was the place north in Manila which was then a secret meeting place of the
katipuneros.
• On August 26, 1896, the fiery Bonifacio stopped all the talking. “There is no other way,” he
told them, “enough is enough!” He angrily tore his residence certificate (cedula).
• It was the symbol of Spanish oppression of Filipinos.
• Also their tore cedulas the called for a revolution.
• The Katipuneros led by Bonifacio started the Revolution.
 CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION
The causes of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 were as follows:

1. The abuses of Spanish officials and priests;

2. Persecution of Filipino leaders who defended the rights
of their fellow countrymen;
3. Filipinos desire to regain their independence;
4. Discovery of the Katipunan and Bonifacio’s call for
revolution.
 FIRST BATTLE OF THE
REVOLUTION
• The first battle of the revolution took place at the town of San Juan del
Monte at dawn of Sunday, August 30, 1986. Bonifacio and some 1000
Katipuneros attacked the Spanish arsenal at San Juan. It was bloody and
awful battle. The Filipinos were armed only with bolos, a few handmade
guns (paltics), old riffles, bamboo spears, and amulets (anting-anting).
BATTLE OF PINAGLABANAN
• The superior weapons of the Spanish Armed forces won the day. The
Filipinos lost and retreated. They left 153 dead comrades behind.
 SPREAD OF THE REVOLUTION
• The revolution quickly spread like wildfire in Southern Luzon. The Spanish
Governor Gen. Ramon Blanco, declared a state of war in eight provinces; Manila,
Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Laguna, Cavite, and Batangas on August
30, 1896.
• The Spanish officials terrorized the Filipinos and executed many of their famous
leaders.
• On September 4, four members of the Katipunan were executed at Bagumbayan.
• On September 12, thirteen were put to death at Plaza de Armas (Los Tece Martires)
 SPREAD OF THE REVOLUTION

• Many Filipino patriots were arrested and put in prison at

Fort Santiago. About 1000 Filipinos were exiled to Guam,
Africa, and other Spanish prisons abroad. The
martyrdom of their leaders made the Filipinos more
angry at the Spanish officials.
THE EXECUTION OF RIZAL AND OTHER
MARTYRS
• The Spanish officials terrorized the Filipinos and executed many of their
famous leaders.
• Many Filipino patriots were arrested and put in prison at Fort Santiago.
• About 1,000 Filipinos were exiled to Guam, Africa and other Spanish prisons
abroad.
• The martyrdom of their leaders made the Filipinos more angry at the
Spanish officials.
• The famous martyr of the Philippine revolution 1896 was Dr. Jose Rizal.
 THE EXECUTION OF RIZAL
AND OTHER MARTYRS

• Rizal was allowed to leave Dapitan and go to Cuba as a volunteer doctor in

the Spain army.
• He was arrested and taken back to Manila.
• He was put in prison at Fort Santiago and tried by the military court.
• He was found guilty of being traitor to Spain and sentenced to death.
• At dawn of December 30, 1896, Rizal was shot by a firing squad at the
Luneta.
 EMILIO AGUINALDO
• Born on March 22, 1869.
• Quit his studies at the Letran College in Manila after his father died in 1882.
• Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected President of the First Revolutionary
Government on March 23 and lasted until October 31, 1897.
• He beated Bonifacio to the position.
• Aguinaldo was elected as the President of the Biak-na-Bato Republic on
November 1, 1897.
 AGUINALDO AND FILIPINO
VICTORIES IN BATTLE
• The Filipinos freedom fighter fought with crude weapons: bolos, clubs, stones,
bamboo, spears, old musket, and homemade guns (paltiks).
• The Filipinos won many battles against the Spanish Government troop.
• The Greatest victory in the battle of the Filipino was won by Emilio Aguinaldo in
the battle of Binakayan, Cavite on November 9 to 11, 1896.
• Thousands of Filipinos were inspired to join the revolution in the nearby provinces.
• The Filipino revolutionaries captured Las Piñas, Parañaque and other towns around
Manila.
RIVALRY BETWEEN BONIFACIO AND
AGUINALDO
• The revolutionaries was divided in two.
• The Magdalos – Aguinaldo’s group
• The Magdiwangs – Bonifacio’s group
• Aguinaldo win his battles while Bonifacio lost all his battle.
• Bonifacio’s supporters refused to help Aguinaldo when they were attacked
similarly.
• Aguinaldo’s followers did not help Magdiwangs when they fought the
Spaniard.
 TEJEROS ASSEMBLY
• Both rival groups decided to meet at Tejeros, Cavite on March 22, 1897.
• They wanted to settle the controversy on leadership because a revolution
must have only one leader.
• They decided to elect the officers of a Revolutionary Government.
• Bonifacio was over-confident. His followers outnumbered the followers of
Aguinaldo.
• Aguinaldo wasn’t able to attend the election because he was fighting the
Spanish army at Imus.
 TEJEROS ASSEMBLY
• Bonifacio was elected as the new leader.
• He did not know that the Filipinos no longer wanted him as the leader.
Aguinaldo won the majority vote for new President of the First
Revolutionary Government.
• Bonifacio lost even the position of Vice-President and other lower positions.
• As a consolation, Bonifacio was elected to the last office of secretary of the
interior but even the lowest position was protested by Daniel Tirona.
 THE DEATH OF BONIFACIO
• At the Battle of Limbon, Bonifacio and his men lost the fight and were taken
prisoners.
• Andres was wounded and his brother Ciriaco was killed.
• His wife Gregoria de Jesus was one of the prisoners.
• The Revolutionary Government tried Bonifacio and his brother Procopio by
military court martial at Maragondon on May 5, 1897 and they were found
guilty. They were sentenced to die.
 THE DEATH OF BONIFACIO
• Aguinaldo reduced their sentence to life imprisonment but was able to cancel
that order and execute Bonifacio.
• On May 19, 1897, Andres and Procopio were shot by a firing squad of
Aguinaldo’s soldiers in near Maragondon. Under the command of Major
Lazaro Macapagal.
 THE BIAK-NA-BATO REPUBLIC
• The revolution went from bad to worse for the Filipinos.
• Aguinaldo lost one battle after another.
• Aguinaldo moved his war camp many times away from Cavite.
• On November 1, 1897, the Filipino revolutionaries leaders approved a
constitution for a new Government. This became a Biak-na-Bato Republic.
• On November 1 to December 30, 1897, Aguinaldo was again elected as
President of the Biak-na-Bato Republic.
 PACT OF BIAK-NA-BATO
• No one side could win the revolution.
• The Filipinos could not win. The Spanish government could not win.
• Spanish Governor Gen. Primo de Rivera told the Spanish Cortes
(Parliament): “I can captured their Biak-na-Bato headquarters. So he sent the
olive branch of peace to Aguinaldo. He offered to end the fighting on both
sides.
• Aguinaldo decided to accept the peace offer of Gov. Primo de Rivera.
 PACT OF BIAK-NA-BATO
• Dr. Pedro A. Paterno, a prominent Filipino, acted as the go-between in the
peace negotiations.
• He succeeded in negotiating the agreement to end the fighting between the
Filipinos and the Spaniards.
• This was historic Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
• It was signed by Gen. Aguinaldo and Gov. Primo de Rivera on December 14
and 15, 1897.
 AGUINALDO’S EXILE TO HONG
KONG
• Peace was proclaimed in the Philippines after the Pact of
Biak-na-Bato.
• Gen. Aguinaldo and other revolutionary leaders went to
exile in Hong Kong as a part of agreement.
• Aguinaldo and his companions reached Hong Kong on
December 30, 1897.
 WOMEN OF THE REVOLUTION
• Melchora Aquino popularly known as “Tandang Sora”.
• Gregoria Montoya (Joan of Arc of Cavite)
• Agueda Kahabagan (Joan of Arc of the Santa Cruz, Laguna)
• Teresa Magbanua (Joan of Arc of the Visayas)
• Trinidad Tecson (Mother of Biak-na-Bato)
• Nazarai Lagos (Florence Nightingale of Panay)
• Patronicia Gamboa (Heroine of Jaro)
• Marcela Agoncillo (wife of Filipino Diplomat Felipe Agoncillo)
 NO PEACE AFTER BIAK-NA-BATO
Spanish
• Both the Filipinos and Spaniards broke
their peace agreement at Biak-na-Bato.
• Spain did not pay P1.7 million war
indemnity to the Filipinos. Only
P600,000 was paid.
• Spanish officials continue to arrest and
punish Filipino who surrendered.
Filipino
• Aguinaldo spend the money to buy
more arms and ammunition.
• They did not surrender all their
weapons.
• They wanted to continue the
revolution.