 Chance that something will

happen
 Starts from 0 to 1
Decimal, fraction, percent, ratio
Impossible to happen Sure to happen

Less likely to happen More likely to happen

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 List of all the possible
outcomes

{Head, Tail}
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 Just one of the possible
outcomes

Head is a sample
point/event.
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Experimental Probability
probability based on an
experiment written as a ratio
comparing the number of times
the event occurred to the
number of trials. This method is
also known as posteriori method

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 The table below shows the results after Moira
tossed the coin 20 times.

TRIAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

RESULT T H T H T H H T H H H T H H H T H H T H
This shows the experimental
The experimental probability. You can think of
probability of landing it as the probability
determined from the results
on heads is of an experiment. It is what
actually happens instead of
13/20 = 65/100 = 0.65 = 65% what you were expecting to
happen.
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 Theoretical Probability
probability based on reasoning
written as a ratio of the number
of favorable outcomes to the
number of possible outcomes.
This method is
also known as priori method

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P(E) = probability of an event
n(E) = number of desired outcomes
n(S) = number of possible outcomes

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Example
1. In tossing a fair coin,
find the probability of getting a head

Sample Space S={H,T}

n(E) = 1
n(S) = 2
or 0.50

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Example
2. In rolling a die once, what is the
probability of getting number 6
Sample Space S={1,2,3,4,5,6}

n(E) = 1
n(S) = 6

or 0.17

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Example
3. In rolling a die once, what is
the probability of getting an even
number

n(E) = 3
n(S) = 6

or 0.50
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Example
4. What is the probability of
getting a shade of blue

n(E) = 2
n(S) = 12

or 0.17
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Example
5. What is the probability of
getting a green marble

n(E) = 3
n(S) = 20

or 0.15

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Example
6. What is the probability of
getting a number divisible by 5

n(E) = 15
n(S) = 75

or 0.20

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7. What is the probability of
getting a sum of 9 after rolling
two dice?
3 6
4 5
5 4 n(E) = 4
6 3 n(S) = 36

or 0.11

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8. What is the probability of
getting a King in a standard 52
deck of cards?

n(E) = 4
n(S) = 52

or 0.08

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9. What is the probability of
getting a black card in a standard
52 deck of cards?

n(E) = 26
n(S) = 52

or 0.50

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10. A letter from the word Philippines is
randomly chosen. What is the probability
that it is letter P?

n(E) = 3
n(S) = 11

or 0.27
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11. A letter from the word Philippines is
randomly chosen. What is the probability
that it is a vowel?

n(E) = 4
n(S) = 11

or 0.36
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12. A letter from the word Philippines is
randomly chosen. What is the probability
that it is letter Z?

n(E) = 0
n(S) = 11

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P(E) = probability of an event
n(E) = number of desired outcomes
n(S) = number of possible outcomes

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 Activity
1. If a die is rolled, find the probability of the following:
a. getting a number greater than 5
b. getting a prime number
c. getting a multiple of 3
2. What is the probability of getting a sum of 11, in rolling a die twice?
3. A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card drawn
is: a. an ace?
b. a spade?
c. a face card?
4. A bag containing 8 blue balls, 6 pink balls and 4 purple balls. If a ball is drawn at
random, what is the probability that it is
a. a blue ball?
b. a purple ball?
c. a red ball?
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