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Concepts of behaviorism :
1. Behaviorism is naturalistic.
Behaviorism states that the material
world is the ultimate reality, and
everything can be explained in terms
of natural laws.
2. Man is nothing more than a machine.
States that man responds to
conditioning process and responds
accordingly the way the mind perceives the
stimulus.
3. Men are “biological machines” whose
minds do not have any influence on
their actions.
According to Skinner, the mind and
mental processes are “metaphors and
fictions” and that “behavior is simply part
of the biology of the organism”
4. Behaviorism teaches that we are not
responsible for our actions.
Since men are mere machines, then
anything done by men is inevitable.
5. Behaviorism is manipulative.
Behaviorism predicts and controls
human behavior by controlling rewards
and punishment. One can shape the
behavior of another individual.
e. Edwin Ray Guthrie’s Contiguity
Theory
Edwin Ray Guthrie’s law of contiguity
states that a combination of stimuli which
has accompanied a movement will on its
recurrence tends to be followed by that
movement.
According to Guthrie, learning was
based on a stimulus-response association.
He believed that movements were small
stimulus-response combinations and when
combined, would make up an action.
2.) Cognitive Theories on Learning
a.) Kohler’s Insight Theory – The
German- American psychologist Wolfgang
Kohler, argued that animals did not learn
everything through a gradual trial-and-
error process, or stimulus-response
association.
b.) Kurt Lewin’s Field Theory –
emphasized the explanation of human
behavior in terms of the forces and tension
that moved men to action in h is field
theory.
c.) Jerome Brunner’s Discovery Theory
– His discovery learning theory is an
inquiry-based learning theory. This takes
place in problem solving situation where the
learner draws on her own past experiences
and existing knowledge to discover facts
and relationship and new truths to be
learned.
d.) Rumelhart’s Schema theory – “a
Schema theory is basically a theory about
knowledge. How is knowledge represented
and how that representation facilitates the
use of suck knowledge in certain ways.
e.) David Ausubel’s Assimilation Theory –
focused on presentational methods of
teaching in the acquisition of subject matter in
the curriculum.