REVIEW

FOR CIVIL SERVICE

EXAMINATION
NUMERICAL REASONING
 Basic Math
 Inductive Reasoning
 Problem Solving
OUR GOAL…
VERBAL ANALYTICAL NUMERICAL GENERAL
INFO
passed passed passed
PASSED!
FLOW OF THE REVIEW

•Pretest •Pretest •Pretest

•Posttest •Posttest •Posttest
Basic Part
Inductive Problem
Part Part
Math I
Reasoning
II Solving III

NUMERICAL REASONING
PRACTICE TEST
TIPS TO PASS NUMERICAL
REASONING TEST:
 Relax and enjoy answering
 Know the basics of Math

 You can use scratch paper for your

computations and solutions.
 Love Math because it is easy for someone
who loves Math
 Focus in solving problems. Think,
analyze, and solve.
 Pray before the exam. It always helps.
 BASIC MATH
Coverage:
GCF & LCM
Divisibility rules
Fractions
Decimals
Percent
Arithmetic Operations
Ratio and Proportion
INDUCTIVE REASONING
Coverage:
Number Sequence
Patterns
Abstract Reasoning
 PROBLEM SOLVING
Coverage:
Number Problem
Age Problem
Interest Problem
Discount Problem
Investment Problem
Motion Problem
 RECALLING

Basic Math
Concepts
 PART I. BASIC MATHEMATICS

 GCF and LCM

GCF – Greatest Common Factor

LCM – Least Common Multiple

FIND THE GCF OF 24 AND 36
24 = 1 x 24 Factors of 24: 36 = 1 x 36 Factors of 36:
= 2 x 18 1,2,3,4,6,
= 2 x 12 1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24 9,12,18,36
= 3 x 12
=3x8
=4x9
=4x6 =6x6

Therefore, the GCF is

12
FIND THE LCM OF 12 AND 16
By writing the multiples or skip counting
12 = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60,…
16 = 16, 32, 48, 64, …
Therefore, the LCM is
48
FIND THE GCF AND LCM OF THE FOLLOWING:
GCF LCM
1. 8 and 28 1. =4 1. = 56
2. 25 and 45 2. =5 2. = 225
3. 16 and 48 3. = 16 3. = 48
4. 27 and 15 4. =3 4. = 135
5. 39 and 12 5. =3 5. = 156
6. 56 and 72 6. =8 6. = 504
7. 108 and 36 7. = 36 7. = 108
8. 96 and 16 8. = 16 8. = 96
9. 35 and 49 9. =7 9. = 245
10. 18 and 81 10. =9 10. = 162
 PART I. BASIC MATHEMATICS
 Divisibility
Recall the divisibility rules and apply them
to solve the following:
1. Among the following numbers, find those divisible by 3.
790116, 267036, 438584, 701202
2. The 3-digit number 76c is divisible by 6. Find the
possible values of that number.
3. Among the following numbers, find those divisible by 45.
609974, 1040560, 190635, 1486035
4. A 4-digit number 106y is divisible by 18. Find the value
of y.
5. A boy has 43R stickers. If he can divide the stickers
equally into 4 piles, each with an equal number of
stickers, find the possible values of R.
 PART I. BASIC MATHEMATICS
 Fractions
MUST KNOW:
 Similar fractions
 Proper fraction and Improper fraction
 Conversion
 Simplifying fractions
 Rules of Operations on fractions
Fill in the table
Improper fraction Mixed number
1. 25
6
2. 7
3
8
3. 54
5
4. 37
8
5. 3
8
7
Answers:
Improper fraction Mixed number
1. 25 𝟏
𝟒
6 𝟔
2. 𝟑𝟏 7
𝟖
3
8
3. 54 𝟒
10
5 𝟓

4. 37
4
𝟓
𝟖
8
5. 𝟓𝟗 3
8
𝟕 7
PERFORM THE GIVEN OPERATION

3 2 𝟓 5 3 𝟓
1. + = 𝟖 6. 𝑥 = 𝟏𝟔
8 8 12 4
2 7 30 2
2. + = ÷ =
𝟒𝟕 𝟏𝟓
𝟑𝟎
7.
5 6 8 8
3 3 5
3. 4 + = 𝟑𝟏
8. 2 + = 𝟐𝟕
7 𝟕 4 8 𝟖

11 7 𝟒 24 𝟏𝟒
4. − = 𝟗 9. −2= 𝟓
9 9 5
3 1 3 2
5. − = 𝟏𝟕
𝟓𝟔
10. 6 𝑥 5 = 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟕
𝟓𝟔
7 8 8 7
ANSWERS:
𝟑 𝟐 𝟓
1. + = 𝟔.
𝟓
𝒙
𝟑
=
𝟏𝟓
=
𝟓
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝟒𝟖 𝟏𝟔

𝟐 𝟕 𝟒𝟕
2. + = 𝟕.
𝟑𝟎
÷ =
𝟐 𝟐𝟒𝟎
= 𝟏𝟓
𝟓 𝟔 𝟑𝟎 𝟖 𝟖 𝟏𝟔

𝟑 𝟑𝟏
3. 4 + = 8. 2
𝟑 𝟓
+ =
𝟐𝟕
𝟕 𝟕 𝟒 𝟖 𝟖

𝟏𝟏 𝟕 𝟒
4. − = 9.
𝟐𝟒
−𝟐=
𝟏𝟒
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟓 𝟓

𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟕
5. − = 10. 6
𝟑
𝒙 𝟓
𝟐
=
𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟕
𝟕 𝟖 𝟓𝟔 𝟖 𝟕 𝟓𝟔
 PART I. BASIC MATHEMATICS
Decimals
Must know:
Reading decimals
Ordering
Converting a decimal to its
equivalent fraction
Rules of operations on decimals
EXAMPLES:
How do you read the following decimals?
a. 0.5

b. 0.24

c. 3.125

Arrange the following decimals in ascending order:

0.85, 0.085, 8.053, 0. 0085
Arrange the following decimals in descending order:
0.185, 0.815, 0.300, 0.35
Convert the following into fractions:
a. 0.25

b. 0.8

c. 2.125

d. 0.333…
 PART I. BASIC MATHEMATICS
PERCENT and PERCENTAGE

Must know:
 Convert Percent into Decimal
 Multiply Percent to a Number
 Basic Percentage Problems
P = BR
 Percentage
 Base
 Rate
 PART I. BASIC MATHEMATICS
 Ratio and Proportion
Must know:
• Ratio is a comparison of two quantities (a:b)
• Proportion is an equality of two ratios. (a:b = c:d)
• In Direct Proportion, if value of one variable
increases, the value of the other also increases.
(y = kx)
• In Inverse Proportion, if the value of one variable
increases, the value of the other variable
𝑘
decreases. (y = )
𝑥
EXAMPLES:
1. There are 54 students in a classroom. Among these
are 24 boys.
a. What is the ratio of boys to girls?
b. What is the ratio of boys to the total number of
students?
c. What is the ratio of girls to the total number of
students?
2. If 5 kg of rice A is P 225.00, how much is 1 kg?
3. If 8 eggs are worth P48.00, how much is 1 dozen of
eggs?
4. If 5 staffs are working on a task for 2 days, how many
days can 10 staffs finish the same task?
5. If a vehicle travels 75 kph for 2 hours, how fast should
it travel to cover the same distance for 90 minutes only?
PART I

PRETEST
in
BASIC MATH
PART I

POST-TEST
in
BASIC MATH
LET’S REVIEW

JUST LOOK
FOR
PATTERNS
 PART II. INDUCTIVE REASONING

A NUMBER SEQUENCE is a set of numbers

arranged according to a definite plan.
For example, 2, 4, 6, 8,.. is a set of numbers in
which each number is 2 more than the preceding
number.
TYPES:
1. Sequence Involving Addition and
Subtraction (with constant difference)

Example 1:
Write the next number in the series 1, 5, 9, 13, ...

Solution: Each number is obtained by adding 4 to the

preceding number. Thus the next number is 13 + 4 = 17.

How about this?

Find the next number in the series 12, 9, 6, 3,…
2. Sequence Involving Multiplication and Division

Example 1:
Find the next number: 3, 6, 12, 24, …

Solution: Each number is obtained by doubling or

multiplying by 2 to the preceding number. The next
number is 24 x 2 = 48.

Example 2:
Find the next number in 648, 216, 72, 24,…

Solution: Each number is obtained by dividing the

preceding number by 3. (Note that in this type, you
examine first the smallest numbers) The next number is
24 ÷ 3 = 8.
3. When there is neither constant
difference nor constant multiplier/ divisor

Look for other relationships. Sometimes

the next number of a sequence is obtained from
the preceding number by a combination of
operations. These must be discovered by trial
and by inspection.

Example:
a. 4, 9, 16, ___
b. 2, 5, 11, 23, ___
c. 1, 2, 5, 10,___
d. 27, 30, 15, 18, 9, 12, 6, _____
e. 2, 7, 14, 23, _?_ , 47
4. Sequence involving Letters of the Alphabet

Instead of numbers, the sequence involves

letters or any other symbols. You only need to be
familiar with position of the letters in the alphabet.
Then figure out their relationships in the sequence.

Example:
a. A, C, E, G, ___
b. Z, Y, X, W, ___
c. AC, EG, IK, ___
d. M, T, W, T, F, S, _____
e. J, F, M, A, M, J, J, A, _____
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE THAT WILL CONTINUE THE
SAME PATTERN AND FILL IN THE BLANK SPACES.
1) 2, 7, 14, 23, ___, 47
A. 31 B. 28 C. 34 D. 38
2) 4, 6, 12, 14, 28, 30, ____
A. 32 B. 60 C. 62 D. 64
3) 4, 9, 13, 22, 35, ____
A. 57 B. 70 C. 63 D. 75
4) 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, ____
A. 35 B. 38 C. 45 D. 48
5) 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, ____
A. 513 B. 511 C. 523 D. 517
6) 5, 11, 17, 25, 33, 43, _____
A. 49 B. 51 C. 52 D. 53
7) 9, 12, 11, 14, 13, ____, 15
A. 12 B. 16 C. 10 D. 17
8) 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ____
A. 35 B. 36 C. 48 D. 49
9) 1, 6, 13, 22, 33, ____
A. 35 B. 46 C. 38 D. 49
10) 21, 9, 21, 11, 21, 13, 21, _____
A. 15 B. 17 C. 23 D. 25
ABSTRACT REASONING
Abstract reasoning test will assess
your ability to identify and interpret
patterns.
 How easily can you see rules &
consistent patterns in sets of objects
and verbal data?
 Can you tell how a pattern of objects in
a sequence should continue?

.
 Abstract reasoning requires an ability to
identify patterns amongst different abstract
shapes where irrelevant and distracting
material is often present.
 The presence of irrelevant or distracting
material or information can sometimes lead
to incorrect conclusions.
 Abstract reasoning tests therefore measure
a candidate’s ability to change track,
critically evaluate and generate hypotheses
and to query judgements as they progress
through the test
 With this type of test you should be looking
for things such as:
 Issues around size and shape of objects.

 Number of objects.

 Sides of objects.

 Shading and colour.

 Symmetry.

 Number of angles.

 Position and direction etc.

Whilst it may appear that you have to look

for lots of variations when tackling this type of test
you will find that the more you practice the
faster you will become at finding the solution.
EXAMPLE 1:
Look at this sequence of shapes and see if you can spot
the pattern that’s evolving:
EXAMPLE 2:
Look at this sequence of shapes and see if you can spot
the pattern that’s evolving:
EXAMPLE 3:
Which figure completes what is missing
below?
EXAMPLE 4:
Which figure completes what is missing
below?
EXAMPLE 5:
Which figure completes what is missing
below?
EXAMPLE 6:
Which figure completes what is missing
below?
EXAMPLE 7:
Which figure completes what is missing
below?
EXAMPLE 8:
Which figure completes what is missing
below?
EXAMPLE 9:
Which figure completes what is missing
below?
EXAMPLE 10:
Which figure completes what is missing
below?
You may follow this link for online practice test:

https://www.123test.com/abstract-reasoning-test/
PART II

PRETEST
in
INDUCTIVE
REASONING
PART II

POST-TEST
in
INDUCTIVE
REASONING
 PART III. PROBLEM SOLVING
Strategies for Math Problem Solving
The key to solving math word problems is to have a plan or strategy,
which works in any math word problem solving situation. The following 12 tips
are provided for helping one to become good problem solvers.

1. Read the problem carefully looking for clues and important

information. Write down the clues, underline, or highlight the
clues.
2. If necessary, rewrite the problem to help find these clues.

3. Look for clues to determine which math operation is needed to solve

the problem, for example addition, subtraction, etc. Look for key
words like sum, difference, product, perimeter, area, etc. They lead
to the operation needed to solve the problem.
4. Look for what is needed solve the problem, for example: how many
will are left, the total will be, everyone gets red, everyone gets one of
each, etc.
5. Use variable symbols, such as “X” for missing information.
6. Eliminate all non-essential information by
drawing a line through distracting information.
7. Draw sketches, drawings, and models to see the
problem.
8. Is the word problem similar to a previous work, if
so how was it solved.
9. Develop a plan based on the information
determined to be important for solving the problem.
10. Carry out the plan using the math operations
which were determined would find the answer.
11. Does the answer seem reasonable, if it does then
it is probably ok – if not then check the work.
12. Work the problem in reverse or backwards,
starting with the answer to see if you wind up with your
original problem.

source: http://suite101.com/…/12-tips-for-solving-word-problems-a57…
visit: http://www.civilservicereviewer.com
Part III.
Problem Solving

LET’S WARM UP!

1. NUMBER WORD PROBLEMS
Problem 1
One number is 3 more than the other. Their sum is 45. What are
the numbers?
Problem 2
The sum of two numbers is 53. One number is 7 less than the
other. What are the numbers?
Problem 3
One number is twice the other number. Their sum is 45. What
are the numbers?
Problem 4
The sum of two consecutive numbers is 81. What are the
numbers?
Problem 5
The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 42. What are the
numbers?
2. INTEREST PROBLEM

In solving INTEREST PROBLEMS you need

to know the following terms:
 the principal (P) is the money invested,

 the rate (R) of interest is the percentage of interest

(that is the number with percent sign),
 the time (T) and

 the interest (I) is the earnings or return of

investment.
The interest is the product of the
principal, the rate, and the time, or I = PRT is
explained in the first part of the series.
EXAMPLE 1
Mr. Reyes invested Php50,000 at an interest
rate of 3% per year.
a.) Identify the principal and rate of interest.
b.) Calculate the interest earned after 1 year.

Solution:
a. P = Php 50,000
R = 3%
b. I = PRT
= Php 50,000 x 0.03 x 1 = Php 1, 500
EXAMPLE 2
Ms. Gutierrez invested Php60,000 at a simple
interest of 4% per year for 4 years.
a.) Identify the principal, rate of interest, and time.
b.) How much money will Ms. Gutierrez have after
four years?

Solution:
a. P = Php60,000, R = 4%, T = 4 years
b. AMOUNT of money (A) = P + I
I = PRT
=Php60,000 x 0.04 x 4 = Php 9,600
A = Php60,000 + P 9, 600
= Php69,600
 EXAMPLE 3
Dr. Lopez invested his Php120,000 in a bank that gives 2% compound
interest every quarter. What is the interest of his money if he is to invest it for 1
year?

Solution:
I1 = PRT
1
=Php120,000 x 0.02 x = Php 600
4
I2 = PRT
1
=Php120,600 x 0.02 x = Php 603
4
I3 = PRT
1
=Php121,203 x 0.02 x = Php 606.015
4
I4 = PRT
1
=Php121, 809.015 x 0.02 x = Php 609.045075
4

Total Interest:
Php 600+ Php 603 + Php 606.015 + Php 609.045075 = Php 2,418.06

Shortcut:
.02 4
A = 120,000 1 + = 122, 418.06
4
I = A – P = 122, 418.06 – 120, 000 = Php 2,418.06
EXAMPLE 4

Danica invested here money amounting to

Php150,000 in a bank that offers a 5% simple interest every
year. She went abroad and never made any deposit or
withdrawal in her account. After coming back, she
immediately checked her account and found out that her
money got an interest of Php37,500. How many years was
the money invested?

Solution:
I = PRT
37, 500 = 150,000 x .05 x T
37, 500 = 7500T
37,500
T= = 𝟓 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔
7500
SOLVE THIS
Mr. Molina invested
Php100,000.00. A part of it was
invested in a bank at 4% yearly
interest and another part of it at a
credit cooperative at 7% yearly
interest.
How much investment he made
in each if his yearly income from the
two investments is Php5950.00
3. DISCOUNT PROBLEMS

 The tag price that you see on items are their marked
price.
 The sale price is the price that you pay after the
discount has been made.
Example:
If an item costs Php100 (marked price) and has
a 10% discount, then you have to subtract the 10% of
100 from 100. That item will cost Php100 – Php10
= Php90. Therefore, Php90 is the sale price.
 Note that in solving discount problems, you must
know how to convert percent to decimals. You need
to convert percent to decimals (just divide by 100) in
order to perform the calculation.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

A movie DVD which costs 600 is marked

“25% off.” What is the discount? What is its sale
price?

Solution
Discount = 25% of Php600 or (Php600 × 0.25) =
Php150.00
Sale price = Php600 – Php150 = Php450.00
So, the discount is Php150 and the sale
price is Php450.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
Anna shops in an international store. A t-
shirt with a tag price $42 is marked “save 20%.”
How much will Anna have to pay for the t-shirt if
she were to buy it?

Solution
Discount = 20% of $42 or ($42 × 0.20) = $8.40
Sale Price = $42.00 – $8.40 = $33.60
Therefore, Anna will have to pay $33.60 if she
wants to buy the t-shirt.
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
After getting a 10% discount, Nina bought a sofa
for only 7200. What was the original price of the sofa?

Solution
We can use this equation to solve the problem above.
Marked Price – Discount Price = Sale Price
Now, if we let x be the marked price of the sofa,
then the discount price is 10% multiplied by x or 0.1x .
So, substituting to the equation above, we have
x – 0.1x = 7, 200
.9x = 7, 200
Dividing both sides by 0.99, we have x = 8000.
Therefore, the marked price of the sofa is Php8000.
4. AGE PROBLEM
Example 1
Benjie is thrice as old as his son Cedric. The
sum of their ages is 64. How old are both of them?
Solution
Let x be the age of Cedric and 3x be the age of Benjie.
Cedric’s Age + Benjie’s Age = 64
x + 3x = 64.
4x = 64
Dividing both sides of the equation by 4 gives us x
=16.
Therefore, Cedric is 16 and Benjie is 3(16) = 48 years
old.
EXAMPLE 2
Karen is 6 years older than Nina. Five years from
now, the sum of their ages will be 52. How old are both of
them?
Solution:

Therefore, 5 years from now, the sum of their ages will be

equal to
(x + 5) + (x + 6 +5) = 52 Nina = x = 18 yrs old
2x + 16 = 52 Karen = x + 6 = 24 yrs old
2x = 52 – 16
2x = 36
x = 18
 EXAMPLE 3
Sarah is twice as old as Jimmy. Three years ago,
the sum of their ages is 39. How old are both of them
now?

Solution:

Three years ago, the sum of Jimmy’s and Sarah’s age is

 (x – 3) + (2x – 3) = 39

3x – 6 = 39
3x = 45 Sarah = x = 15 yrs old
Jimmy = 2x = 30 yrs old
x = 15
SAMPLE PROBLEM SOLVING / WORD PROBLEMS
1. Kit is twice as old as his friend Sam. Sam is 5 years older than Cara. In 5
years, Kit will be three times as old as Cara. How old is Sam?
A. 2 years old B. 4 years old C. 3 years old D. 5 years old
2. James’s dad is 5 times older than James and James is twice as old as his
sister Sara. In two years, the sum of their ages will be 58. How old is
James now?
A. 6 years old B. 8 years old C. 7 years old D. 9 years old
3. Cathy scored 85, 87, 90, 95, and 100 in her Math exams. What will be her
average grade in Math from this period?
A. 91.40 B. 92 C. 91.50 D. 93.50
4. Letty left home and drove at the rate of 50 miles per hour for 2 hours.
She stopped for lunch then drove for another 4 hours at 65 mph to reach
Los Angeles. How many miles did Letty drive to reach LA?
A. 115 miles B. 310 miles C. 360 miles D. 100 miles
5. Michelle went to SM for the 3-day sale. She bought a new pair of shoes
and paid only P2,450 discounted for 20% off. What was the original price
of the shoes?
A. P3,062.50 B. P3,620.50 C. P3,260.50 D. P3,026.50
PART III

PRETEST
in
PROBLEM
SOLVING
PART III

POST-TEST
in
PROBLEM
SOLVING
PRACTICE TEST
 THE END!

MAY YOU ALL PASS

THE EXAM…