BASIC SEISMIC INTERPRETATION

Taufik A. Manan

Geophysics Physics
University of Indonesia
2018

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 OUTLINES

1. OBJECTIVE
2. DEFINITON / OVERVIEW
3. CONCEPT
4. INTRODUCTION
5. REQUIRED DATA
6. INTERPETATION STEPS
7. CONCLUSION & RECOMMONDATION

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 OBJECTIVES

To familiarize with the basic concepts of seismic

interpretation and the workflows.

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 DEFINITON / OVERVIEW

Interpretation

A process in which the seismic and geological data

are combined to assess the geological structures and
stratigraphy/lithology for their hydrocarbon potential(s).

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 CONCEPT

To display & characterize geological features through

a geophysical method.

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INTRODUCTION
BASIC FLOW OF SEISMIC INTERPRETATION

SYNTHETHIC SEISMOGRAM

WELL TO WELL CORRELATION

STRUCTURE INTERPRETATION (FAULT & HORIZON PICKING)

TIME MAP

TIME – DEPTH CONVERSION

DEPTH MAP

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 REQUIRED DATA
2D SEISMIC

Seismic 2D
BUNGA PELAGA-1
E4- 1

1. Line intersections where

the section crosses other
lines are marked with the
name and corresponding TOP CARBONATE

shot point number of the

other line.

2. Velocity panels are CYCLE IV

normally printed on top of CYCLE III

section every 0.5 km or 1

km. CYCLE II

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REQUIRED DATA
3D SEISMIC

Seismic 3D (Volume)
BUNGA PELAGA-1E4- 1

1. The seismic section can be

displayed in any direction.
The common displays are
TOP CARBONATE
X-lines,In lines, Timeslice, ,
Arbitary, etc.

2. In-line is section in the

shooting (acquisition)
CYCLE III
direction.
CYCLE II
3. Cross-line is section
perpendicular to shooting
direction.

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 REQUIRED DATA
TIME DEPTH TABLE

Well Data (T-Z Curve)

1. Time Depth Table.

2. Displays a set of travel time

(msec) and their respective
depth relationship.

3. The travel time and depths are

obtained from check shots
survey at well location.

4. This survey provides the

estimates average velocities
between the surface and the
various depth (geophone
positions).

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REQUIRED DATA
WELL LOGS

GR NPHI RHOB DT
Well Logs (Well Markers/Picks)

1. Well logs or wireline logs display

the geological information
obtained when wells are drilled.

2. The most important wireline logs

for interpreter are sonic, gamma
and density logs.

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 INTERPRETATION STEPS

PEER REVIEW (Rev.0) 11

 SYNTHETHICS SEISMOGRAM (WELL – SEISMIC TIE)
WHAT
It is a seismic reflection record generated
by convolving waveform travels through a
geological section.

HOW

A synthetic seismogram is formed by

convolving an embedded waveform with a
reflectivity.

The embedded waveform is the waveform

from analysis of seismic data.

WHY

Synthetic is use to match the time/depth

correlation and represented by geological
markers and seismic horizons at the well
location. With Checkshots

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 SYNTHETHICS

Without Checkshots

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CORRELATION WHAT
I-10 COAL Correlation is connecting
geological features that are
similar from one well to other
I-68 COAL wells either structurally/
stratigraphically to understand
the reservoirs characterization.

HOW
K-SHALE To tie a reference well to another
wells that has been properly
marked with stratigraphic
analysis.

WHY
To determined the horizons for
seismic interpretation.
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 SEISMIC STRUCTURE INTERPRETATION

Carbonate Build Up

Fault
Clastics

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 SEISMIC STRUCTURE INTERPRETATION (FAULTS)

Displacements

Displacements

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SEISMIC STRUCTURE INTERPRETATION (HORIZONS)

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SEISMIC STRUCTURE INTERPRETATION (HORIZONS)

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 CONTOURING

1. Contouring is
placing lines that join
points which has the
same value.

2. Contouring is then
translate in map
form with geological
Time Maps
characters.
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 DEPTH CONVERSION
WHAT
It is an method of converting
seismic time (msec) into depth
(m/feet TVDSS)
WHY
It is use to convert seismic
values into depth to calculate
the HCOIP. (MMBO/TCF)
HOW
Seismic sections or t.w.t. map can be converted
from a time to a depth scale by using velocity
information from :
Well data - this is most precise (vertical
variations) but gives little information about
lateral velocity variations.
Seismic data - interval velocities can be
determined from stacking velocities using the
Dix equation. This is usually imprecise but gives
a calculation for lateral variations.
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 DEPTH CONVERSION

Checkshot BP n E4
Bunga Pelaga-1 E4-1 TWT/DEPTH y = 0.0004x2 + 0.4032x + 99.989

line time
1755 1660 1965 2020 2000 1770 1755 1950 1585
59 2040 1872 2437 2547 2506 2067 2040 2407 1744
TWT (ms) 1900 1930 1970 1915 1910 1750 1760 1860 1560

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 61 2310 2368 2447 2339 2329 2031 2049 2234 1702

1900 1925 1965 1580 1590 1730 1730 1635 1560

0 63 2310 2358 2437 1736 1752 1995 1995 1829 1702

1900 1930 1950 1570 1435 1740 1715 1465 1520

65 2310 2368 2407 1719 1502 2013 1968 1549 1637

1900 1925 1715 1320 1360 1660 1675 1435 1450

500 67 2310 2358 1968 1329 1388 1872 1898 1502 1526

1585 1560 1560 1520 1450 1615 1780 1775 1725 1830 1875
68 1744 1702 1702 1637 1526 1794 2085 2076 1986 2177 2262

1900 1885 1390 1310 1155 1300 1755 1505 1615

69 2310 2281 1433 1315 1099 1300 2040 1613 1794
1000 1900 1710 1205 1105 1120 1200 1745 1750 1780
71 2310 1959 1167 1034 1053 1160 2022 2031 2085

1950 1860 1635 1455 1435 1505 1750 1765 1860 1915 1960
72 2407 2234 1829 1533 1502 1613 2031 2058 2234 2339 2427

1500 73
1910
2329
1535
1661
1150
1093
1105
1034
1130
1066
1155
1099
1715
1968
1755
2040
1775
2076
DEPTH (m)

1910 1505 1135 1110 1150 1260 1650 1860 1725

75 2329 1613 1073 1040 1093 1243 1854 2234 1986

1755 1760 1730 1715 1675 1755 1745 1715 1650 1700 1565
2000 76 2040 2049 1995 1968 1898 2040 2022 1968 1854 1941 1711

1945 1565 1165 1150 1185 1710 1700 1915 1830

77 2397 1711 1113 1093 1139 1959 1941 2339 2177

1950 1970 1915 1280 1600 1810 1565 1960 1875

2500 79 2407 2447 2339 1271 1769 2140 1711 2427 2262

1770 1750 1730 1740 1660 1300 1200 1150 1760 1710 1810
80 2067 2031 1995 2013 1872 1300 1160 1093 2049 1959 2140

2000 1910 1570 1435 1360 1155 1120 1130 1150 1185 1600
84 2506 2329 1719 1502 1388 1099 1053 1066 1093 1139 1769
3000 2020 1915 1580 1570 1320 1310 1105 1105 1110 1150 1280
86 2547 2339 1736 1719 1329 1315 1034 1034 1040 1093 1271

1965 1970 1965 1950 1715 1390 1205 1150 1135 1165 1415
90 2437 2447 2437 2407 1968 1433 1167 1093 1073 1113 1471

3500 94
1660
1872
1930
2368
1925
2358
1930
2368
1925
2358
1885
2281
1710
1959
1535
1661
1505
1613
1565
1711
1970
2447

1755 1700 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1910 1910 1945 1950
96 2040 1941 2310 2310 2310 2310 2310 2329 2329 2397 2407

4000 y = 0.0004x2 + 0.4032x + 99.989

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RESIDUAL CORRECTION
WHAT
It is an method of correcting residuals
on time to depth conversion.

WHY
To correct residuals that occurs by the
function generated using time depth
table.
HOW
By applying the time value into the
equation gather by time depth table and
to calculate the difference.
Depth Map A map is then generated and back
interpolated to get a “final depth” map
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 CONCLUSION & RECOMMANDATION

CONCLUSION

Seismic interpretation is ESSENTIAL for any reservoirs

characterization maps.

RECOMMENDATION

It’s a must to do manual interpretations so that the workflow

and the sciences are well understood.

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THANK YOU

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